行距和种植方式对小麦光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of row spacing and planting patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat

作　　者：张振 何建宁[1] 石玉[1] 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] ZHANG Zhen;HE Jian-Ning;SHI Yu;YU Zhen-Wen;ZHANG Yong-Li(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第9期2396-2407,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172114);财政部与农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-18);泰山学者专项经费资助。

摘　　要：为研究不同行距对宽幅精播小麦产量和干物质积累与转运的影响,阐明其高产高效的生理机制,给宽幅精播技术在黄淮海平原的进一步推广提供理论依据和技术支撑,于2017-2019小麦生长季,以‘济麦22’为试验材料,在20 cm (R1)、25 cm (R2)和30 cm (R3) 3个行距下,设置宽幅精播(K)和常规条播(T)两种种植方式,分析不同行距下宽幅精播种植与常规条播种植对小麦旗叶光合特性、干物质积累与分配和旗叶^(13)C同化物分配特性差异。结果表明:在相同种植方式下,R2处理下小麦的旗叶净光合速率,开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,花后干物质在籽粒中的分配量和贡献率,籽粒产量均显著高于行距R1和R3处理;在R2行距下, K处理灌浆期叶面积指数、光合有效辐射截获率和开花后14、21和28d旗叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率显著高于T处理,两年度K处理通过增加穗数和粒重使得籽粒产量较T处理提高8.67%;^(13)C示踪结果显示, R2K处理旗叶^(13)C同化物在籽粒的分配量和分配比例显著高于其他处理;R2K处理开花期和成熟期干物质积累量和单茎质量、开花后干物质向籽粒的分配量和对籽粒的贡献率最高,均显著高于其他处理,获得了最高的籽粒产量。综上所述,行距25 cm、宽幅精播种植方式是本试验条件下小麦高产高效的最佳种植模式。To study the effects of different row spacings on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation and transport under wide-precision planting technology,clarify the physiological mechanism of high yield and high efficiency,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the further promotion of wide-precision planting technology in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,two planting methods of wide-precision planting(K)and conventional drilling(T)were set up with‘Jimai 22’as the experimental material under three row spacings of 20 cm(R1),25 cm(R2)and 30 cm(R3)in the wheat growth season of 2017-2019.The differences of photo-synthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and ^(13)C assimilation distribution characteristics of wheat flag leaves between wide precision sowing and conventional drilling planting under different row spacing were analyzed.The results showed that under the same planting method,the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity,the distribution and contribution rate of dry matter in grain after anthesis,and grain yield of wheat under R2 treatment were signifi-cantly higher than those under R1 and R3 treatments.Under R2 row spacing,the leaf area index,photosynthetically active radiation interception rate at filling stage and the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of flag leaves at 14,21,and 28 days after flow-ering in K treatment were significantly higher than those in T treatment.In the two years,K treatment increased grain yield by 8.67% compared with T treatment by increasing panicle number and grain weight.The results of ^(13)C tracing showed that the distribution amount and proportion of ^(13)C assimilates in flag leaves of R2K treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The dry matter accumulation and single stem weight at anthesis and maturity stages,the distribution of dry matter to grains after flowering and the contribution rate to grains were the highest in R2K treatment,which were significantly higher

关 键 词：宽幅精播 光合特性 干物质 ^(13)C同化物积累与分配 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]