从“断句难”看“小句凸显”——兼议汉语的句子  

Observing“Clauses Prominence”from the Perspective of“Difficulty in Determining Sentences”——A Discussion of Chinese Sentences

作　　者：史有为[1,2] SHI You-wei(Nanchang University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330047;Meikai University,Urayasu Japan 279-0000)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学,江西南昌330047 [2]明海大学,日本浦安279-0000

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第4期3-17,共15页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：断句难,由来已久。从断句实例中发现,汉语的句子并非英语的sentence。在语篇中,汉语的句子由形式、语意和认知三方面综合判定。从语篇角度看,句子不过是语篇的最小段落,带有一定的主观性。因此,汉语的句子具有较大弹性。与句子相比,小句是汉语话语中更突出、更稳定、更重要、更容易区分也更具解释性的单位。标点小句比点断句子更重要。汉语语篇的基本单位是小句,而英语语篇的基本单位则是sentence。因此,可以说汉语是“小句凸显”的语言。小句凸显与句子难断是一张纸的两面。小句凸显的确定将影响对汉语其他方面的认识,也将影响对内和对外的句子教学。It has been difficult to determining sentences for a long time.It is found from many examples that Chinese sentences are not English sentences.In discourse,Chinese sentences are comprehensively judged from three aspects:form,semantics,and cognition.From the perspective of discourse,a sentence is just the smallest paragraph of a discourse,with a certain degree of subjectivity.Therefore,Chinese sentences have greater flexibility.Compared with sentences,Clauses become more prominent,more stable,more important,more distinguishable and more explanatory units in Chinese discourse.Punctuation clauses are more important than punctuated sentences,clauses in the discourse.The basic unit of Chinese discourse is clause,while the basic unit of English discourse is sentence.Therefore,it can be said that Chinese is a language of“clause prominence”.Clause prominence and difficulty in punctuated sentence are two sides of a piece of paper.The determination of clause prominence will influence the understanding of other aspects of Chinese and the teaching of sentences both internally and externally.

关 键 词：小句 小句凸显 句子 语篇 相关性 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]