松木屑发酵过程中松节油含量及堆体理化性质变化  

Characteristics of changes in turpentine and physicochemical properties during the fermentation of pine sawdust

作　　者：康超 王万坤 郑旋 曾维军 和耀威 王晶 王芳 杨玲 KANG Chao;WANG Wankun;ZHENG Xuan;ZENG Weijun;HE Yaowei;WANG Jing;WANG Fang;YANG Ling(Biological Institute of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物研究所,贵阳550009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第14期146-154,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]114,黔科合基础ZK[2022]283,黔科合支撑[2021]197)。

摘　　要：为利用生物发酵技术改善松木屑作为食用菌培养基质的性质,尤其是在降低松节油含量及组成的研究,试验采用哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)RM80和苏云芽孢金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)FJ26组成的复合微生物菌剂处理松木屑,系统评估发酵前后松木屑中松节油含量、理化性质、营养成分、酶活性及种子发芽指数的变化情况。结果表明,添加复合菌剂后松木屑中松节油含量明显降低,其中α-蒎烯减少至(1.67±0.09)μg/g,降低80%,β-蒎烯未检出,降低100%,种子发芽指数提高至94.52%,木屑腐熟程度高,植物毒性低,食用菌菌丝萌发正常,生长速率快,说明发酵后的松杉木屑可作为食用菌的栽培基质。发酵初期微生物分解有机物产生有机酸,pH值降低,随着有机酸挥发,含氮有机物产生,促使氨的形成,堆料pH值升高,基质中铵态氮含量上升。此外,整个发酵过程中半纤维素酶、中性木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶与松节油变化呈正相关性,以中性木聚糖酶贡献度最大,揭示松木屑发酵过程中微生物菌群对半纤维素的利用较多,中性木聚糖酶活性对整个发酵进程起到关键性作用,为发酵工艺优化提供了理论依据。该研究为松木屑的有效利用和食用菌产业的可持续发展提供了重要的科学依据和技术支持,促进了废弃生物质资源的循环利用和食用菌产业的绿色发展。Bio-fermentation technologies can be expected to improve the suitability of pine sawdust as a growth medium for edible mushrooms.This study aims to reduce the turpentine content and phytotoxicity during pine sawdust fermentation.A composite microbial agent with Trichoderma harzianum RM80 and Bacillus thuringiensis FJ26 was also used to treat the pine sawdust in the experiment.A systematic assessment was implemented to determine the turpentine content,physicochemical properties,nutrient composition,enzyme activity,and seed germination index(GI)in the pine sawdust before and after fermentation.The results showed that the monosaccharides and easily decomposable sugars were rapidly utilized by microorganisms at the initial stage of fermentation.The high metabolic activity and biological heat also exhibited to rapidly increase the temperature in the composting materials.The minimum changes of temperature were found,as the fermentation progressed.The composting materials were also turned to increase aeration.Easily decomposable substances were reduced to decrease microbial metabolic activity.The results demonstrated that the composite microbial agent significantly reduced the turpentine content in the pine sawdust.Specifically,α-pinene decreased from(8.70±0.09)to(1.67±0.09)μg/g,which was 80% reduction.While β-pinene was undetectable,indicating a 100% reduction.The seed germination index increased to 94.52%,indicating a high degree of decomposition and low phytotoxicity in the pine sawdust.Furthermore,the mycelial growth of edible mushrooms showed that normal mycelial germination and higher growth rates were achieved in the fermented pine sawdust with the microbial agents,compared with the unfermented and natural ones.The inhibitory substances were significantly reduced in the fermented pine sawdust.A suitable substrate was then obtained for mushroom cultivation.The fermented pine sawdust comprised up to 95%of the cultivation substrate.The microbial proliferation and the decomposition of organic matter produced org

关 键 词：食用菌 松节油 发酵工艺 理化性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]