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作 者:杨然兵 王伟静[2] 潘志国 青苡任[1] 张健 戚晟淳 YANG Ranbing;WANG Weijing;PAN Zhiguo;QING Yiren;ZHANG Jian;QI Shengchun(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)
机构地区:[1]海南大学机电工程学院,海口570228 [2]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109
出 处:《农业工程学报》2024年第13期25-35,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基 金:国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P32);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MF306)。
摘 要:针对育种试验马铃薯机械收获过程中根系团聚体易破碎、株间块茎易混杂,导致后续块茎性状信息提取困难、工作效率低等问题,以中原二作区无性一代马铃薯为研究对象,建立入土角-植株运动模型和根系振动模型,并对马铃薯根系在挖掘过程和输送过程进行受力和运动分析,得出单株根系稳定性随着挖掘铲入土角的增大而减小,随输送时间的增加,块茎在振动方向和输送方向呈往复性运动的规律;进一步应用离散元仿真分析方法建立了块茎-根系-土壤离散元模型,确定了挖掘铲的最佳入土角度范围为20°~28°;设计了以挖掘铲入土角、机具前进速度和输送装置的振动频率为试验因素,以单株完整率为试验指标的正交旋转组合试验,并进行响应曲面分析,结果表明,单株完整率最大时的最佳参数组合为:挖掘铲入土角21.8°,机具前进速度0.96 km/h、振动频率1.44 Hz,单株完整率为100%,该参数组合下田间试验平均单株完整率为95.1%。该研究可为育种试验马铃薯收获机的设计提供工作参数选取依据和理论基础。Aimed to solve the problems of low efficiency of manual harvesting and easy rupture of mechanically when harvesting potato aggregates in potato breeding experiment,4U-80DZ potato harvester was selected as the analysis basis,and took asexual-generation potato in the secondary cropping area of Central China as the research object.The excavation shovel entry angle-plant root system model was established in the process of excavation by mechanical and kinematic analysis of potato root aggregates.It was concluded that the horizontal acceleration of potato root system was-1.47~5.325 m/s2,which increased with the increase of the excavation shovel entry angle,and the vertical acceleration was-0.19~8.127 m/s2,which decreased with the increase of the excavation shovel entry angle,and the potato root system was transversely broken,and the single plant stability decreased.A potato root vibration model was established during the conveying process.Through analyzing the velocity and force of potato root system,it was concluded that the displacement of potato tuber affected the integrity of single plant,the displacement of potato tuber along the conveying direction was a function of time,which first decreased and then increased with the increase of conveying time,the displacement of potato tuber in the direction of vibration is also a function of time,which increases first and then decreases with the increase of transport time,and presents the reciprocating motion in the direction of vibration and the conveying direction.A potato tuber-root-soil model was constructed by using discrete element simulation method.The integrity rate of single plant was represented by tuber-stolon force,stem-stolon force and tuber-stolon displacement,and the degree of root breakage was simulated when the digging and shovel entry angle was 20°~30°.The force curves of potato tuber-stolon,stem-stolon and the displacement curves of tuber relative to stolon were obtained at 20°,25°and 30°,and the optimum the excavation shovel entry angle was determine
分 类 号:S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]
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