刺激环境变化与突显干扰项预期性对注意捕获的影响  

The Effects of Variability to the Environment and Expectation of Salient Distractor on the Attentional Capture

作　　者：李航宇 闫强 隗凤玲 祝君 李寿欣[1] Li Hangyu;Yan Qiang;Wei FengLing;Zhu Jun;Li ShouXin(School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan,250358;Office of Academic Affairs,Shandong University,Weihai,264200)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250358 [2]山东大学(威海)教务处,威海264200

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第4期780-787,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871100)的资助。

摘　　要：采用额外突显干扰项的注意捕获范式,要求被试在一个包含目标、突显干扰项和其他干扰项的环境中,搜索目标并做出判断,探讨突显干扰项预期性对注意捕获是否受到刺激环境变化和任务负载的影响。结果显示,当外部线索引导的突显干扰项可预期时,刺激环境变化条件下对搜索目标的反应慢于刺激环境不变条件,产生环境损耗;当内部线索引导的突显干扰项可预期时,与突显干扰项不可预期条件相比,突显干扰项可预期条件下的环境损耗更小,负载损耗更大。这表明,刺激环境变化促进外部线索引导突显干扰项可预期的注意捕获,而高任务负载促进内部线索引导突显干扰项可预期的注意捕获。Pursuing relevant objects and avoiding irrelevant ones are fundamental functions of attention.Attention can efficiently be directed toward relevant objects when they have foreknowledge of target-defining features,such as color,orientation,and location.The interference of the distractors could increase when participants are instructed to ignore distractors,which is the attentional“white bear”effect.According to the biased competition theory,objects that match active representations in working memory gain a competitive advantage.Thus,salient distractors matched with working memory representations would capture more attention.The environment variability and expectation of salient distractors influence the activation intensity of representations in working memory.However,the effects of variability to the environment on attentional capture are inconsistent when salient distractors could be expected.These discrepancies may arise from whether the expectation is derived from the external environment or internal memory.This study employed a traditional additional singleton paradigm to explore the influence of the environment variability and expectation of salient distractors on attentional capture.Participants were required to search a circle among seven squares and then indicate the orientation of the line in the circle.One circle and seven squares were drawn in red or green,and one of the squares as a salient distractor had a different color than the remaining items.In the constant environment condition,the colors of targets and salient distractors were fixed,while in the variable environment condition,the colors of targets and salient distractors were swapped randomly from trial to trial.In experiments 1 and 2,we investigated whether the effects of expectation of external and internal cue-guided salient distractor on attentional capture were influenced by the environment variability,respectively.In the predictable condition,it was the external cue-guided salient distractor when participants knew that the salient di

关 键 词：预期 突显干扰项 注意捕获 任务负载 刺激环境 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]