76~81 GHz高精度CMOS有源移相器设计  

Design of a High-precision CMOS Active Phase Shifter for 7681 GHz

作　　者：颜世达 崔杰 张敬 YAN Shida;CUI Jie;ZHANG Jing(School of Electronic and Optical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,P.R.China;School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院,南京210094 [2]上海电力大学电子与信息工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《微电子学》2024年第3期424-431,共8页Microelectronics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(62001232)。

摘　　要：为了实现低成本、高性能的毫米波汽车雷达,基于TSMC 40 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一款高精度低噪声系数的有源矢量合成移相器,其频率范围为76~81 GHz,移相步进为5.625°。采用了一种RC-RL两级多相滤波结构,在产生稳定的四路正交信号的同时,不会增加过多的插入损耗;在多相滤波器之前添加了放大单元电路,提高了整个电路的增益,并且降低了噪声系数;设计了数模转换器(DAC),对矢量合成模块的尾电流进行控制,进而实现高精度的移相。由于相位分辨率由DAC的分辨率所决定,因此该移相器的控制分辨率不会影响其尺寸和插入损耗。为了实现电路的性能,合理地选择了参数模型和拓扑结构,并且优化了版图布局。后仿真结果表明,在76~81 GHz范围内,RMS移相误差<2.1°,平均增益>1.7 dB,RMS增益波动<0.5 dB,噪声系数<9.5 dB,功耗为15.7 mW,1 dB增益压缩点>-7 dBm。该有源移相器具有高精度、低成本、低功耗等特点,与传统有源移相器相比,具有更低的噪声系数与更大的增益。This study introduces a high-precision,low-noise active vector synthesis phase shifter based on the TSMC 40 nm CMOS process to achieve a low-cost,high-performance millimeter-wave automotive radar.It operates over a frequency range of 76-81 GHz with a phase-step of 5.625°.An RC-RL two-stage multi-phase filtering structure is adopted,generating stable quadrature signals without introducing excessive insertion loss.A pre-amplifier circuit is added in front of the multi-phase filter to enhance the overall gain and reduce the noise coefficient.The design integrates a digital-to-analog converter(DAC) to control the tail current of the vector synthesis module,thereby achieving high-precision phase shifting.As the phase resolution is determined by the DAC's resolution,the size and insertion loss of the phase shifter are not affected by its control resolution.Suitable parameter models and topological structures were selected to optimize the circuit performance and layout.Simulation results showed that within the frequency range of 76-81 GHz,the RMS phase error is <2.1°,average gain >1.7 dB,RMS gain fluctuation <0.5 dB,noise coefficient <9.5 dB,power consumption is 15.7 mW,and 1 dB gain compression point is >-7 dBm.This active phase shifter exhibits high precision,low-cost,and low power consumption characteristics,with a lower noise coefficient and higher gain compared with conventional active phase shifters.

关 键 词：毫米波汽车雷达 CMOS工艺 有源移相器 相控阵 T/R组件 

分 类 号：TN432[电子电信—微电子学与固体电子学]