三七收获机挖掘铲减阻特性分析与试验  

Analysis and Experiment on Drag Reduction Characteristics of Digging Shovel of Panax notoginseng Harvester

作　　者：王法安 倪畅 张兆国[1,2] 徐红伟 解开婷 王博洋 WANG Faan;NI Chang;ZHANG Zhaoguo;XU Hongwei;XIE Kaiting;WANG Boyang(Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Research Center on Mechanization Engineering of Chinese Medicinal Materials of Yunnan Universities,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500 [2]云南省高校中药材机械化工程研究中心,昆明650500

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第7期179-190,199,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2002004);云南省科技厅青年基金项目(202401AU070196);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J0151)。

摘　　要：针对丘陵山区三七机械化收获挖掘阻力大和根茎损伤率高的问题,以不同铲型挖掘铲为研究对象,开展三七收获机挖掘铲作业机理与参数优化对比试验。通过理论分析与力学计算,确定各铲型挖掘铲主要结构参数,并通过Solidworks建立挖掘铲三维模型。开展4种铲型挖掘铲的位移流向仿真对比试验,追踪根茎颗粒和土壤颗粒空间运动轨迹,获得三轴位移分部,表明野猪头部仿生曲线特殊的曲率变化对破土阻力有显著影响,仿生铲面通过改变土壤颗粒流动方向,从而降低挖掘阻力。利用Design-Expert 13软件,以挖掘铲铲长、铲宽和铲刃倾角为试验因素,以挖掘阻力为试验指标进行组合试验,得到最优作业参数组合为:铲长354 mm、铲宽40 mm、铲刃倾角70°,在该组合下平均挖掘阻力为439.75 N。开展高速摄影试验,获取三七根茎和土壤运动轨迹,结果表明三七根茎和土壤颗粒运动趋势与仿真试验一致,验证离散元模型可靠性。搭建试验台架,以入土角、铲片间距和挖掘速度作为试验因素,以挖掘阻力作为试验指标进行正交试验,得到不同工作参数对挖掘阻力影响的主次顺序为入土角、铲片间距、挖掘速度,最优工作参数组合为入土角15°、铲片间距80 mm、挖掘速度0.4 m/s。综合评估挖掘铲减黏降阻性能,仿生式挖掘铲作业效果最优。Aiming at the problems of high resistance and high injury rate in mechanized harvesting of Panax notoginseng in hilly and mountainous areas,taking different shovel types of excavator as the research object,comparative experimental research on the operation mechanism and parameter optimization of excavator shovel of Panax notoginseng harvester was carried out.Through theoretical analysis and mechanical calculation,the main structural parameters of each shovel type excavator were determined,and the three-dimensional model of the excavator was established by Solidworks.The simulation and comparison tests of displacement and flow direction of four shovel types of excavator were carried out to track the spatial motion trajectory of rhizome particles and soil particles,and the triaxial displacement segments were obtained.It was showed that the special curvature change of the bionic curve of the boar head had a significant impact on the soil breaking resistance,and the bionic shovel surface reduced the excavation resistance by changing the flow direction of soil particles.By using the Design-Expert 13 software,taking the shovel length,width and blade inclination as the test factors,and taking the excavation resistance as the test index,the combination test was carried out.The optimal combination of operation parameters was obtained as the shovel length of 354 mm,the shovel width of 40 mm,and the blade inclination of 70°.Under this combination,the average excavation resistance was 439.75 N.The high-speed photography experiment was carried out to obtain the movement trajectory of Panax notoginseng rhizome and soil.The results showed that the movement trend of Panax notoginseng rhizome and soil particles was consistent with the simulation experiment,which verified the reliability of the discrete element model.The orthogonal test was conducted with the penetration angle,blade spacing and excavation speed as the test factors and the excavation resistance as the test index.The results showed that the primary and secondary or

关 键 词：挖掘铲 三七收获机 减阻特性 挖掘阻力 离散元仿真 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]