中国教育近代化的“观念”变革:严复的探究与推进  

The "Conceptual" Transformation of Modernization in Chinese Education:Yan Fu's Inquiry and Advancement

作　　者：沙邱怀 杨卫明[2] SHA Qiu-huai;YANG Wei-ming(School of Social and Historical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Faculty of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117 [2]福建师范大学教师教育学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《福建教育学院学报》2024年第7期14-19,F0003,共7页Journal of Fujian Institute of Education

基　　金：福建省教育科学规划2023年基础教育高质量发展重点专项课题“福建乡贤的‘教育家精神’阐释与弘扬”(课题编号:FJGHZD2023-04,德旺基础教育研究院资助)。

摘　　要：19世纪末20世纪初,面对亡国灭种的民族危机,严复依托源于西方的社会进化论和经验科学方法论,立足中西文化宏观比较,揭橥“力、智、德”并重、提升全体国民素质;倡导“西学格致”、变化士民“心习”;突破“中体西用”、实现中西汇通等应对思量,赋予“教育救国”理念深层蕴涵,彰显教育变迁的时代气息,助推中国教育近代化迈向“观念”变革的新阶段。尽管他的探究似有避重就轻之嫌,但瑕不掩瑜。其中,“三育”模式奠定的人的质量规格的近代化因子;注重科学方法训练与科学精神陶冶;不论新旧、不问中西,汲取精华冶为一炉等主张,对于当今教育改革仍有启示。At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 2th century,facing the national crisis of extinction,Yan Fu,relying on the Western-originated social evolutionism and empirical scientific methodology,and based on a macro-comparison between Chinese and Western cultures,highlighted the importance of"strength,wisdom,and virtue"to enhance the quality of all citizens;advocated the adoption of"Western learning"and the transformation of the"habits of thought"of scholars and common people;and proposed breaking through the"Chinese essence and Western application"approach to achieve a synthesis of Chinese and Western cultures.He infused the concept of"saving the nation through education"with deeper connotations,exemplified the spirit of the times in educational transformation,and propelled the modernization of Chinese education towards a new stage of"conceptual"transformation.Although his inquiry seems to have avoided the crucial and dwelled on the trivial,the flaws do not obscure the virtues.Among them,the modernizing elements of the"three educations"model for human quality specifications;the emphasis on training in scientific methods and the cultivation of the scientific spirit;and the advocacy of extracting the essence from both the old and the new,and from both the East and the West,melting them into one,still have implications for today's educational reforms.

关 键 词：严复 “三育”救国 中西汇通 中国教育近代化 “观念”变革 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]