理想论  

On Ideal

作　　者：张立文[1] ZHANG Liwen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第4期5-16,157,共13页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：何谓理想?理想是人们在社会实践活动中不断度越现实的、在场的东西的有限,而对合理的、满足的、和谐的、幸福的、美好的、有现实意义的和平、发展、合作、正义、民主、自由之和合可能世界的想望。理想构成的形式包括:朦胧理想、怀疑理想、批判理想、反思理想、追究理想、实践理想。从集中体现中华文明的《易》、儒、道、佛思想来看价值理想的实践,其内容体现为:易道广大,保合太和;自强不息,以和为贵;无为而治,道法自然;明心见性,无念为宗。世界各民族的价值理想有异,但所追求的和合可能世界则具有普遍性、共同性,体现了人们安居乐业的物质、精神的需求,是构建人类命运共同体和合天下的必然追寻。What is an ideal? An ideal is a possible world of peace and harmony that is reasonable,satisfying,harmonious,happy,beautiful,and realistically meaningful and that is public desired by continuously transcending the limitations of reality and existing things in practical activities.Fuzzifying,doubting,criticizing,reflecting,investigating,and practicing ideals constitute the Chinese style of value ideal form.Looking at the practice of value ideals from the representative thoughts of I Ching,Confucianism,Taoism,and Buddhism in Chinese civilization,its content is reflected in:the Dao of Yi is vast,maintaining harmony is the greatest peace;self-improvement is constant,harmony is the most precious;governing by doing nothing,Tao follows nature;knowing your mind to see your nature,and no thinking is the most important principle.The values and ideals of various nations around the world are different,but the possible world of peace and harmony pursued by the ideal is universal and common,embodies the material and spiritual needs of people to live and work in peace and contentment,and is the inevitable pursuit of building a world of peace and harmony of a community with a shared future for mankind.

关 键 词：理想 实践 和合可能世界 《易》 儒道佛 

分 类 号：B262[哲学宗教—中国哲学]