基于改进SGM的废旧机械零件彩色三维重建方法  

Color 3D Reconstruction for Used Machinery Parts using Improved SGM

作　　者：张泽琳 曹星 王蕾[1,2] 夏绪辉 Zhang Zelin;Cao Xing;Wang Lei;Xia Xuhui(Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Its Control,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学冶金装备及其控制省部共建教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430081 [2]武汉科技大学机械传动与制造工程湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2024年第12期104-114,共11页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BAD102);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52275503)。

摘　　要：为提高废旧机械零件再制造效率,对其表面失效状态进行全面检测,提出一种基于改进半全局匹配(SGM)的废旧机械零件彩色三维重建方法。针对机械零件结构复杂、实际环境下光照干扰大等因素导致的传统SGM算法生成的视差图效果不佳问题,提出一种多特征代价融合策略,通过融合颜色代价、Census变换及梯度信息,构建更为全面的相似性度量函数以提高初始代价的可靠性。在代价聚合过程中,增设梯度阈值判定条件划分弱纹理和边缘区域,并采用高斯函数对局部交叉域进行距离加权,提高算法在图像光照失真区域以及零件弱纹理区、边缘复杂结构处的匹配效果。最后,通过视差计算和多步骤视差优化处理得到最终的精细视差图,进而通过RGB图像纹理映射实现对废旧机械零件的彩色三维模型重建。实验结果表明,所提方法重建的三维彩色模型纹理清晰且尺寸误差较小,所提方法适用于实际产线中对废旧机械零件的表面失效信息在线分析。To improve the remanufacturing efficiency of used mechanical parts and detect their surface failure state comprehensively,this paper proposes a color three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technique using an improved semiglobal matching(SGM).Traditional SGM algorithms often produce unsatisfactory parallax maps owing to the complex structure of mechanical parts and large illumination interference in a real environment.Addressing this,we propose a multifeature cost fusion strategy,which integrates color cost,Census transform,and gradient data to establish a more comprehensive similarity measurement function to improve the reliability of the initial cost.Furthermore,in the process of cost aggregation,a gradient threshold distinguishes between weak textures and edge regions.Moreover,we employ the Gaussian function to determine the distance weight of the local cross region to improve the algorithm’s matching performance in the image light distortion region,weak part texture,and complex edge structures.Finally,we obtain a refined parallax map using parallax calculation and multistep parallax optimization.Besides,by merging this with an RGB image via texture mapping,we achieve a 3D color model reconstruction for used machinery components.Experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed method offers precise texture details and minimal size error for 3D color models and can be applied to the online detection of the surface failure information of used mechanical parts in the real production line.

关 键 词：废旧机械零件 双目视觉 半全局匹配 彩色三维重建 

分 类 号：TP751[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]