秦巴山区生态系统服务对植被覆盖变化的响应阈值  

Thresholds for ecosystem service response to changes of vegetation cover in the Qinba Mountain region

作　　者：王晓峰[1,2] 白娟 冯晓明 周继涛[1] 王筱雪 尧文洁 涂又 孙泽冲 马嘉豪 WANG Xiaofeng;BAI Juan;FENG Xiaoming;ZHOU Jitao;WANG Xiaoxue;YAO Wenjie;TU You;SUN Zechong;MA Jiahao(School of Land Engineering,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Land Consolidation,Xi′an 710054,China;School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054 [2]陕西省土地整治重点实验室,西安710054 [3]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第15期6811-6827,共17页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72349002);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(chd300102352201)。

摘　　要：秦巴山区地处我国南北气候、生物区系的交汇地带,具有十分重要的地理与生态价值,蕴藏着巨大的发展潜力。确定生态系统服务对植被覆盖变化的响应阈值是实现秦巴山区环境资源有效配置、管理政策科学制定以及生态效益最大化的重要前提。在分析秦巴山区产水、固碳、土壤保持和生境质量4项生态系统服务时空特征的基础上,综合运用聚类分析、方差分析和弹性分析对比不同植被类型和地形梯度下生态系统服务的异同进而分区计算植被覆盖变化的影响阈值。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,产水、固碳、土壤保持和生境质量服务整体提升且均表现为东南高西北低的空间分布。(2)不同类型植被下,生态系统服务整体供应能力从大到小依次为林地、草地和农田。不同地形变化下,除生境质量呈持续增长态势外,其他3项服务均出现了先提高后衰减的非线性趋势。(3)植被覆盖度对生态系统服务有促进作用,但超过一定阈值后这种作用会逐渐减弱。植被覆盖影响阈值在林地、草地和农田区分别为0.85、0.80和0.78;且该阈值随地形因子增加先增大后减小。本研究结果可以转变秦巴山区单纯依靠扩大森林面积提升生态系统服务供给的简单化生态保护模式,为构建分区管理、全面系统和动态平衡的生态可持续发展体系提供依据。The Qinba Mountain area is located at the intersection of the northern and southern climates and biota in China,which has very important geographic and ecological values,and contains great potential for development.Determining the response threshold of ecosystem services to changes in vegetation cover is an important prerequisite for effective allocation of environmental resources,scientific formulation of management policies and maximization of ecological benefits in the Qinba Mountain region.In this paper,on the basis of analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of four ecosystem services,namely,water production,carbon sequestration,soil conservation and habitat quality in Qinba Mountain,we comprehensively used cluster analysis,analysis of variance(ANOVA)and elasticity analysis to compare the similarities and differences of the ecosystem services among different vegetation types and topographic gradients,and then calculated the thresholds of the impacts of the changes in vegetation cover in the different zones.The results showed that:(1)from 2000 to 2020,the water production,carbon sequestration,soil conservation and habitat quality services increased in general and showed a spatial distribution of high in the southeast and low in the northwest.(2)The overall supply capacity of ecosystem services of different types of vegetation was forest land,grassland and farmland in descending order.Under different topographic changes,except for habitat quality,which showed a continuous increase,the other three services showed a non-linear trend of increasing and then decreasing.(3)Vegetation cover had a promoting effect on ecosystem services,but this effect would gradually weaken after exceeding a certain threshold.The influence thresholds of vegetation cover were 0.85,0.80 and 0.78 in the forest,grassland and farmland areas,respectively;and the thresholds increased and then decreased with the increase of topographic factors.The results can change the simplistic ecological protection mode of purely relying on the

关 键 词：生态系统服务 植被覆盖变化 阈值 植被类型 地形梯度 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]