论宪法中父母对未成年子女的教育权利  

On the Constitutional Rights of Parents to Educate Their Minor Children

作　　者：林家睿 LIN Jiarui(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300071

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2024年第3期32-39,共8页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“家庭教育中的国家义务体系建构研究”(22BFX029)。

摘　　要：在宪法上,父母教育权利属于一项未列举的基本权利。父母教育权利兼具利他性与利己性。父母首先应充分保障未成年人的利益,随着未成年人的不断成长,父母也应当尊重未成年人意愿。同时,父母在教育子女的过程中可以实现其自身利益。父母教育权利主要包括家庭教育开展自由、教育场所选择自由与学校事务参与自由。在家庭教育开展自由中,人格和价值观教育蕴含的父母利益通常多于知识和技能传授,公权力对前者的干预应当格外慎重。随着未成年人年龄和智慧的增长,对父母的教育场所选择自由与学校事务参与自由保护强度逐步减弱,其所蕴含的父母利益亦不断递减,公共利益不断提升。在未成年人教育中,国家既可以行使对父母教育权利的监督权,也可以亲自行使教育权力,二者均应在尊重父母教育权利的前提下行使。In the constitution,the right of parents to educate their children is considered an unenumerated fundamental right.This right embodies both altruistic and self-interested elements.Initially,parents must fully protect the interests of their minor children.As minors grow,parents should also respect their children's wishes.Simultaneously,parents can fulfill their own interests in the process of educating their children.The primary aspects of parental educational rights include the freedom to conduct family education,the freedom to choose educational settings,and the freedom to participate in school affairs.Within the freedom to conduct family education,the personal and value-based education provided by parents often involves more of their interests than the mere transmission of knowledge and skills.Public authorities should exercise particular caution when intervening in these areas.As minors grow older and wiser,the protection of parents'freedom to choose educational settings and to participate in school affairs gradually diminishes.Consequently,the inherent parental interests in these freedoms decrease while the public interest rises.In the education of minors,the state has the authority to supervise parental educational rights or to directly exercise educational power.Both actions should be conducted with respect for the parental right to education.

关 键 词：基本权利 父母教育权利 未成年人利益 国家教育权力 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学] D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D921[政治法律—法学]