经典名方中石韦的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Pyrrosiae Folium in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：任大棒 戴杰 靳明娟 王娇蕊 詹志来 张福生[1] REN Dabang;DAI Jie;JIN Mingjuan;WANG Jiaorui;ZHAN Zhilai;ZHANG Fusheng(Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学中医药现代研究中心,太原030006 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第17期172-184,共13页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);山西省科技成果转化引导专项(202104021301064);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);吕梁市引进高层次科技人才重点研发项目(2021RC-2-13)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代文献资料,对经典名方中石韦药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工、炮制及功效主治等方面进行本草考证,以期为包含石韦的经典名方开发提供依据。经考证可知,历代石韦之名多源于其颜色、形态及功效,均以“石韦”作为正名,尚有石䩾、石皮、石兰等别名。宋、元及以前时期石韦的主流基原为水龙骨科植物有柄石韦Pyrrosia petiolosa;明代主流基原为有柄石韦P.petiolosa与庐山石韦P.sheareri;清代至今的主流基原为庐山石韦P.sheareri、有柄石韦P.petiolosa和石韦P.lingua。古代推崇的道地产区为今江苏省连云港市一带;现安徽、浙江等地为庐山石韦P.sheareri的主产区,福建、台湾地区等地为石韦P.lingua的主产区,贵州、湖北等地为有柄石韦P.petiolosa的主产区。石韦品质古今均认为叶大、质厚者为优。药用部位为其叶,历代记载的采收加工方法主要为农历二月、七月采,阴干,现代多为全年采收。古代炮制方式多样,主要为去黄毛、微炙、炒末、油炙等;近现代主要为净制、切制、干燥后生用。石韦药性方面,古代认为性平、味甘、微苦,近现代则认为性微寒、味甘、微苦,古今的主要功效均有利尿通淋、清肺热、止血、疗发背等。基于考证结果,建议开发含石韦药材的经典名方时,可选用庐山石韦P.sheareri、有柄石韦P.petiolosa、石韦P.lingua为其药用基原,炮制方法可根据处方要求,未标明炮制要求的可选取生品入药。This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name,origin,producing area,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing,clinical efficacy of Pyrrosiae Folium by consulting the ancient materia medica,medical books and prescription books,combined with modern literature,in order to provide a reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb.After herbal textual research,it was found that the names of Pyrrosiae Folium in the past dynasties were mostly derived from its color,shape and efficacy.And there were other nicknames such as Shizhe,Shipi and Shilan.Song,Yuan dynasties and before the period,the main origin of Pyrrosiae Folium was Pyrrosia petiolosa,in the Ming dynasty,the main origins were P.petiolosa and P.sheareri,during the Qing dynasty to the present,the main origins were P.sheareri,P.petiolosa and P.lingua.Anciently,the respected Dao-di production area of Pyrrosiae Folium was the area of Lianyungang city,Jiangsu province.In modern times,Anhui and Zhejiang provinces are the main producing areas of P.sheareri,Fujian and Taiwan provinces are the main producing areas of P.lingua,and Guizhou and Hubei provinces are the main producing areas of P.petiolosa.In ancient and modern times,Pyrrosiae Folium with large leaves and thick texture is considered to be the best,the medicinal part is the leaves,and the harvesting and processing methods recorded in the past dynasties were mainly shade-drying after harvesting in the February and July of the lunar calendar,while the modern ones are mostly harvested throughout the year.The processing methods of the past dynasties mainly included removing fuzz by scraping,lightly roasted,frying,fat-fried.However,in modern times,it is mostly used the raw products as a medicine after cleaning,cutting and drying.In ancient times,Pyrrosiae Folium was thought to have a neutral nature with slightly sweet and bitter taste,while in modern times,it is thought to have a slightly cold nature with slightly sweet and bitter taste,and the main eff

关 键 词：石韦 经典名方 本草考证 基原 产地 炮制 性味功效 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R931[医药卫生—中医学] R28[文化科学—图书馆学] G254