施氮对库尔勒香梨园土壤真菌群落的影响  

The effect of nitrogen application on the soil fungal community of Korla fragrant pear orchard

作　　者：李伟 黄战 谢文歌 张曦瑜 冯雷 徐巧 柴仲平[1,2] LI Wei;HUANG Zhan;XIE Wen-ge;ZHANG Xi-yu;FENG Lei;XU Qiao;CHAI Zhong-ping(College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830052;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi Xinjiang 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期56-69,共14页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC017);国家自然科学基金项目(31960639);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2021D04005)。

摘　　要：探究长期不同氮素水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤(0~20 cm土层)真菌群落结构组成及多样性的影响,为库尔勒香梨生产过程中合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。以长期施肥试验为基础,采用高通量测序技术,研究氮肥施用量分别为N 0、150、300和450 kg/hm^(2)(分别表示为N0、N1、N2和N3)的4个处理下库尔勒香梨园土壤理化性质与土壤真菌群落结构组成以及群落多样性的关系。结果表明,各施肥处理土壤中优势真菌门类均为子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢菌门;优势真菌属类均为曲霉属、顶孢霉属、链格孢属、葡孢霉属、假裸囊属,碳氮含量和土壤理化性质能显著影响微生物的群落组成,高氮施肥能够增加真菌的丰富度。中高氮(N 300~450 kg/hm^(2))施肥能够提高真菌多样性及群落中的物种分布均匀度,土壤真菌群落生物多样性主要与碳氮组分含量、电导率、pH间存在显著相关关系(P<0.05)。The aimed to explore the effects of long-term different nitrogen levels on the structural composition and diversity of soil fungal communities(0-20 cm soil layer)in Korla fragrant pear(Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd.)orchards,and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in the production process of Korla fragrant pear.Based on the long-term fertilization experiment,the relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil fungal community composition in Korla fragrant pear orchard under four nitrogen application rates of N 0,150,300 and 450 kg/hm^(2)(expressed as N0,N1,N2 and N3,respectively)were studied by using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that Ascomycota,Basidiomycetes and Mortierella were the dominant fungal groups in the soil of all fertilization treatments.The dominant fungal genera were Aspergillus,Acrosporase,Alternaria,Staphylococcus,and Pseudomonas.Carbon and nitrogen contents and soil physicochemical properties significantly affected the composition of microbial communities,while high nitrogen fertilization increased the richness of fungi.Medium to high nitrogen fertilization enhanced fungal diversity and community distribution uniformity,and soil fungal community biodiversity was mainly affected by carbon and nitrogen components contents,electrical conductivity,and pH.

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 氮肥 微生物多样性 真菌 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S661.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]