人工湿地植被覆盖对营养物质净化作用的模拟研究  

Simulation Studyon the Nutrient Purification Effect of Vegetation Coveragein Artificial Wetlands

作　　者：付俊峰[1] 杨淑敏 宋炳月 罗永钦 袁强 赵小华 杨建吉 FU Junfeng;YANG Shumin;SONG Bingyue;LUO Yongqin;YUAN Qiang;ZHAO Xiaohua;YANG Jianji(Faculty of FEletric Power Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunmning 650500,China;Yunnan Honghe Prefecture Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Geological Survey Consulting and Planning Research Institute,Mengzi 661199,Yunnan,China;Guangdong Zhonghao Survey and Design ConsultingCo.,Ltd.,Yunnan Branch,Mengzi 661199,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学电力工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省红河州水利水电工程地质勘察咨询规划研究院,云南蒙自661199 [3]广东中灏勘察设计咨询有限公司云南分公司,云南蒙自661199

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期199-210,共12页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52361044);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(KKRD202204020);云南省基础研究计划项目面上项目(202301AT070437);云南省基础研究计划项目青年项目(202101AU070156).

摘　　要：根据植物阻流、泌氧、植物及微生物吸收营养盐的过程等湿地净化水质的机理,应用MIKE21中EcoLab的水质模块自定义及编辑功能,建立“WQ nutrition+vegetation”湿地模型,耦合MIKE21中水动力模块建立水质-水动力模型.在对五家堆人工湿地实地调研的基础上,应用水质-水动力模型,考虑植物分布情况及覆盖率,研究人工湿地植物对水质净化效果.采用大观河、断桥断面实测数据率定湿地植物对水质作用的关键参数,并对模拟结果进行验证.结果表明:种植植被后,湿地内部的总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+4-N)浓度低于大观河,浓度除受植被覆盖率影响外,还受水流流速影响,流速较高时能有效增加水面复氧能力,加快水质净化效果;随着植物覆盖率增大,TP、TN、NH+4-N降解率增幅逐渐减小;当植被覆盖率为20%~30%时,TP、TN净化效率较高,最高值分别达到6.39%、0.2%;当植被覆盖率增至40%时,流速下降显著,植被阻水作用明显增强,水体复氧能力减弱,净化效率降低;不同植被覆盖率下NH+4-N与TP净化率较高,NH+4-N净化率与TN基本一致,表明NH+4-N是影响TN净化效率的主要因素;综合分析TP、TN、NH+4-N在不同湿地植被覆盖率下的水质浓度及净化效率,五家堆人工湿地研究区域的植物覆盖率在20%~30%之间较为适宜.Based on the mechanisms of wetland water purification such as plant flow resistance,oxygen secretion,and the absorption of nutrients by plants and microorganisms,the"WQ nutrition+vegetation"wetland model was established using the custom and editing functions of the EcoLab water quality module in MIKE21.This model was coupled with the hydrodynamic module in MIKE21 to create a water quality-hydrodynamic model.On the basis of field research on the artificial wetland of Wujiadui,the water quality-hydrodynamic model was applied,considering the distribution and coverage of plants,to study the effect of artificial wetland plants on water purification.Key parameters of the role of wetland plants in water quality were calibrated using actual measured data from the Daguan River and Duanqiao cross-section,and the simulation results were verified.The results show that after planting vegetation,the concentrations of TP,TN,and NH+4-N inside the wetland are lower than those in the Daguan River.The concentrations are not only affected by the vegetation coverage but also by the water flow rate.A higher flow rate can effectively increase the reoxygenation capacity of the water surface and accelerate the water purification effect.As the plant coverage increases,the degradation rate of TP,TN,and NH+4-N gradually decreases.When the vegetation coverage is between 20%and 30%,the purification efficiency of TP and TN is relatively high,with the highest values reaching 6.39%and 0.2%,respectively.When the vegetation coverage increases to 40%,the flow rate drops significantly,the water-blocking effect of the vegetation is markedly enhanced,the reoxygenation capacity of the water body is weakened,and the purification efficiency decreases.Under different vegetation coverage rates,the purification rates of NH+4-N and TP are relatively high,and the NH+4-N purification rate is basically consistent with that of TN,indicating that NH+4-N is the main factor affecting the purification efficiency of TN.A comprehensive analysis of the water quality co

关 键 词：人工湿地 MIKE 21-EcoLab 水质模拟 植物净化作用 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52