废家电拆解和废塑料再生产生灰尘中重金属的生物可利用性及健康风险  

Bioaccessibility and health risk of heavy metals in dust generated from the dismantling of household appliances and the regeneration of waste plastics

作　　者：徐梦瑶 方佳莉 冯千千 郭杰 阮菊俊 陶红[1] XU Mengyao;FANG Jiali;FENG Qianqian;GUO Jie;RUAN Jujun;TAO Hong(School of Environment and Architecture,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院,上海200093 [2]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510275

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第8期488-498,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42077383,41877468)。

摘　　要：电子废弃物拆解处理将造成车间含重金属粉尘的污染,而粉尘在车间飘浮及沉降过程中将造成工人对重金属的暴露风险.基于废家电拆解和废塑料再生两类处理工艺,分析灰尘(粒径<75μm)中8种重金属的浓度水平和形态组成,采用体外模拟实验进行灰尘中重金属在人工肺液和胃肠液的沉降、浸出及生物可利用性研究,并基于体外模拟数据进行健康风险评价.结果表明,两类车间灰尘中重金属的浓度含量和形态组成相似,Zn的浓度最高,其次是Cu、Pb和Ni,而Cd的浓度最低.Cu以碳酸盐结合态为主,Co、Ni、Zn、Cd和Pb以铁锰氧化态为主,而Cr和Sb主要存在于残渣态中.Zn在胃液的生物可利用性最高(79.6%),Cu在肠液和肺液的生物可利用性是最高为60.6%和82.3%.Zn、Cd和Pb在胃液中的生物可利用性高于肠液,而Cu、Cr、Ni和Sb在肠液中的生物可利用性高于胃液.重金属的形态组成对其生物可利用性具有影响,其中铁锰氧化态与胃液的生物可利用性呈显著正相关.基于生物可利用性数据进行风险评价,所有重金属的危险指数均低于1,Cr、Ni、Cd和Pb的致癌风险也是可接受的.The dismantling and recycling of electronic waste will cause pollution of heavy metal-containing dust in the workshop.The suspension and settling of the dust will expose workers to the health risks associated with heavy metals.The total concentration and fractionation of eight metals in dust(particle size<75μm)generated from two treatment processes,i.e.the dismantling of household appliances and the regeneration of plastic waste,were analyzed.In vitro methods were used to study the deposition,leaching and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in artificial lung fluid and gastrointestinal fluid.Health risk assessment was conducted based on in vitro simulation results.The results showed that the concentration and fractionation of heavy metals were similar in the dust collected from both types of workshops.Zinc exhibited the highest concentration,followed by Cu,Pb and Ni,while Cd had the lowest concentration.The majority of Cu was associated with the carbonate fraction,while Co,Ni,Zn,Cd,and Pb were mainly in the Fe/Mn oxides fraction.Chromium and Sb predominantly existed in the residual fraction.In the gastric phase,Zn exhibited the highest bioaccessibility(79.6%),while Cu had the highest bioaccessibility in intestinal and lung fluids at 60.6%and 82.3%,respectively.The bioaccessibility of Zn,Cd,and Pb in gastric fluid was higher than those in intestinal fluid,while the bioaccessibility of Cu,Cr,Ni,and Sb in intestinal fluid were higher compared to that in gastric fluid.The fractionation of heavy metals influenced their bioaccessibility,as the bioaccessibility in gastric fluid showed a significant positive correlation with the Fe/Mn oxides fraction.Based on bioaccessibility data used for risk assessment,all the hazard index values for heavy metals were below 1.The carcinogenic risks of Cr,Ni,Cd and Pb were also found to be within acceptable limits.

关 键 词：电子废弃物 拆解回收 金属形态 体外模拟实验 暴露风险 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学]