非再现主义史学理论与当代西方史学观的重塑  

Non-Representationalist Theories of Historiography and the Reshaping of Contemporary Views of Historiography in the West

作　　者：苏萌 Su Meng

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,475001

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2024年第4期68-79,158,159,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“叙事主义史学理论中的历史真实性问题研究”(项目编号:20CSS004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：史学观是一切史学理论的基础。总体来看,20世纪的西方史学理论奠基于两段式的再现主义史学观:史学是史学家与过去的再现活动,可分为确定事实与组织事实两个部分。近十年来,这一长期规定西方史学理论话语体系的史学观受到了库卡宁和罗斯的挑战。他们从不同角度提出史学是史学家之间的论辩活动,旨在证成断言而非再现过去。他们基于非再现主义史学观的非再现主义史学理论,既化解了两段式再现主义带来的如何客观评判主观性质的史著的难题,也与史学家实际工作契合。不过,非再现主义背离了史学家对自身工作的自我认知,因而可能被史学家拒绝,甚至损害史学事业,需要学界谨慎分析。Views of historiography are the foundation of all historiographical theories.Broadly speaking,W estern theories of historiography over the course of the twentieth century were based on the two-tiered representationalist view of historiography through which the discipline was deemed as a representational act hetween historiane and the pact.AB Buoh,historiography wae eplit into two parte;etablishing farto and organizing facts.In the last decade,scholars such as Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen and Paul A.Roth have challenged this long-standing view of historiography that has dominated Western theories of history.From different angles,they argue that historiography should be seen as an argumentative act between historians and others,aiming at justifying claim(s)rather than representing the past.By grounding historiography with non-representationalist views,their theories of historiography not only resolve the problem of how to objectively judge the subjective nature of historical writings,but also fit neatly with historians'actual practice.However,non-representationalism fails to conform to historians'self-perception of their work,which might result in historians'rejection,even potentially undermining the field of historiography.Thus,scholars should treat non-representationalism with careful analysis.

关 键 词：史学观 再现主义 非再现主义 客观性 真实性 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学] K01