在议问题理论:从哲学分析到语言学分析  

The Question-Under-Discussion Theory:From Philosophical Analysis to Linguistic Analysis

作　　者：袁陈杰 朱斌[2] YUAN Chenjie;ZHU Bin(School of Foreign Languages,East China Normal University;不详)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学外语学院 [2]华中师范大学文学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第4期592-609,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“现代汉语源流考”(22&ZD294);教育部人文社科研一般项目“汉语排他性范畴研究”(20YJA740046)的资助。

摘　　要：在议问题理论(question-under-discussion theory)是形式语用学研究的核心框架之一。在议问题理论视语篇为以问答游戏形式开展的共同探究过程:语篇中时刻都存在一系列在议问题(即有待解决的问题),参与者通过应用问答策略试图解决这些在议问题,进而推进语篇的发展。基于以上论点,在议问题理论提供了一套语篇的形式化方案,为进一步研究相关语用现象(如信息结构、预设投射、语篇关联性等)奠定了基础。本文首先追溯在议问题理论的哲学和语言学起源,继而介绍Roberts(2012a[1996])提出的在议问题理论,并着重考察该理论在汉语分析实践中已有的几则案例。在此基础上,本文深入反思在议问题理论的理论假设和分析应用,指出它目前面临的难题,同时也是未来研究可着力之方向:一,将更多类型的言语行为和语篇纳入分析;二,阐明语篇中隐性在议问题推导的原理;三,探索在议问题理论和其他理论的形式分析间是否存在对应关系。在议问题理论是近年来形式语用学研究领域最重要的的理论发展之一,但国内学者知之较少。本文旨在为国内语言研究者提供一种新的理论视角和研究方法。The question-under-discussion(QUD)theory is one of the core frameworks of formal pragmatics.The QUD theory considers discourse as a communal inquiry carried out in the form of a game of questions and answers:at any point of a discourse,there is a series of questions under discussion(i.e.,questions that need to be answered)and by applying relevant strategies of inquiry,discourse participants attempt to solve these questions so as to promote the progression of the discourse.Based on the assumptions above,the QUD theory provides a framework for the formalization of discourse and lays down the theoretical foundations for the investigation of a wide range of pragmatic phenomena(such as information structure,presupposition projection,and relevance modeling).This article traces the philosophical and linguistic origins of the QUD theory of discourse,and then presents a brief introduction to the standard QUD theory proposed by Roberts(2012a[1996]),followed by a critical review of its applications in the Chinese language.After that,this article offers a reflection on the theoretical assumptions and applications of the standard QUD theory and points out its drawbacks as well as the directions for future research:1)more types of speech acts and discourse genres should be taken into account in the QUD-oriented analysis;2)an adequate account is required for the inference of implicit QUDs in discourse;3)consideration of possible correspondence between the QUD modeling of discourse and other types of formal analyses.The QUD theory of discourse is one of the most important theoretical developments in formal pragmatics during recent years,but it is comparatively less known to Chinese linguists.This article is intended to remedy this gap,thus providing a novel theoretical perspective and a new research method for Chinese linguists.

关 键 词：在议问题 形式语用学 信息结构 语篇结构 修辞关系 

分 类 号：H109.4[语言文字—汉语]