地铁车辆车轮偏磨现象及其原因分析  

Asymmetrical Wear of Metro Vehicle Wheels and Cause Analysis

作　　者：朱佳 尹艳松 迟丰功 夏惠兴 华洪斌 林川淇 李俊[3] ZHU Jia;YIN Yansong;CHI Fenggong;XIA Huixing;HUA Hongbin;LIN Chuanqi;LI Jun(Qingdao Metro Operation Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,China;Jiangsu Jiangling Measurement and Control Technology Stock Co.,Ltd.,Jiangyin 214422,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛地铁运营有限公司,山东青岛266000 [2]江苏江凌测控科技股份有限公司,江苏江阴214422 [3]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械》2024年第8期25-30,共6页Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775454)。

摘　　要：车轮偏磨现象严重影响地铁运营的安全和舒适性。为掌握国内某地铁线路车辆车轮偏磨特性及其产生的主要原因,通过大量现场测试数据详细分析了车轮和钢轨的磨耗分布特性,发现该地铁列车车轮普遍存在偏磨现象,主要表现为右侧车轮轮缘磨耗明显大于左侧车轮。这种偏磨现象从镟后2万公里到下一次镟修一直存在,且随着镟后运营里程的增加轮缘偏磨现象越发严重。当镟后运营里程达到20万公里时,轮缘偏磨达到2.57 mm。线路曲线段尤其是小半径曲线多,其中半径小于400m的曲线占总里程的14.4%,且左右曲线分布不均匀,左曲线长度是右曲线的近2倍,以及车辆长期不掉头运营等是导致车轮出现轮缘偏磨的主要原因。最后基于车轮偏磨原因提出一种减缓车轮偏磨的车轮镟修改进方案。改进镟修方案的轮缘磨耗速率仅为0.10mm/万公里,较传统镟修方案轮缘磨耗速率的0.18mm/万公里降低了45%。The phenomenon of asymmetrical wear of wheel in subway trains has a serious impact on the safety and comfort of subway operations.In order to understand the characteristics and main causes of asymmetrical wheel wear of subway train,this paper presents a detailed analysis of the wear distribution on the wheels and rails of a domestic subway line through extensive field test data.The results show that wheel wear exists commonly in the subway trains,with significantly greater wear on the right wheel flange compared to the left wheel flange.The phenomenon of asymmetrical wear appears from 20,000 kilometers after wheel lathing and lasts until next wheel lathing.With the increase of the operating mileage,the phenomenon of asymmetrical wear becomes more and more serious.When the operating mileage after wheel lathing reaches 200,000 km,the wheel flange asymmetrical wear reaches 2.57 mm.The main causes for the occurrence of wheel flange asymmetrical wear include(1)the high number of curved sections,particularly those with sharp curves,in which the curve radius less than 400m accounts for 14.4%of the total mileage;(2)the uneven distribution of left and right curves,with the left curve nearly 2 times the length of the right curve;and(3)the long-term operation of the vehicles without changing directions.Finally,a wheel truing modification program has been proposed to reduce the asymmetrical wheel wear.The wear rate of the wheel lathing modification program is only 0.10 mm/10,000 km,which is 45%lower than that of the traditional wheel lathing program of 0.18 mm/10,000 km.

关 键 词：地铁 车轮偏磨 现场测试 小半径曲线 

分 类 号：U279[机械工程—车辆工程]