超嗜热菌对乡村有机固体废弃物发酵过程减量化的影响研究  

Research on the effect of hyperthermophilic bacteria on the reduction of fermentation process of rural organic solid waste

作　　者：刘闯 吴志博 马兴冠[1] 姜悦 赵超越 张黎 黄殿男[1] LIU Chuang;WU Zhibo;MA Xingguan;JIANG Yue;ZHAO Chaoyue;ZHANG Li;HUANG Diannan(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang Liaoning 110168)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第8期1103-1107,1155,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFD1100500)。

摘　　要：传统发酵在废弃物资源化处理中已经广泛应用,但是存在发酵周期长、发酵温度低、容量大、水分高、减量化效果不佳等缺陷。采用超高温好氧发酵技术对乡村有机固体废弃物进行处理,将超高温环境下培养出的以芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)为核心的超嗜热菌剂添加到有机固体废弃物中,采用高通量测序技术,对堆体不同阶段的微生物种群进行分析,同时,对堆体温度、含水率、碳氮比(C/N,质量比)、pH、种子发芽指数(GI)和电导率(EC)等指标进行分析。结果表明:堆体的最高温度为86℃,以80℃为节点,发酵超高温期占比达到2/3,含水率从44.57%下降到29.09%,总减重率和总减容率分别为85.50%、50.51%,发酵结束时C/N、pH分别为15.56、7.55,发酵结束时物料的GI和EC分别为110.24%和3.72 mS/cm,发酵过程中芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)和放线菌目(Actinomycetales)是达到堆体减量化效果的主要菌目。综上所述,超嗜热菌对好氧堆肥有一定的促进作用,是乡村固体废弃物减量化处理较为理想的发酵菌剂。Traditional fermentation,as a waste resource treatment technology,has been widely used,but it has shortcomings such as long fermentation cycle,low fermentation temperature,large capacity,high moisture content and low reduction effect.This article used ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation technology to treat rural organic solid waste.The thermophilic bacterial community with Bacillus as the core cultured in ultra-high temperature environment was added to the organic solid waste.High throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial population at different stages of the pile.At the same time,the temperature,moisture content,carbon nitrogen ratio(C/N,mass ratio),pH,seed germination index(GI)and electrical conductivity(EC)were also analyzed.The results showed that the highest temperature of the pile was 86℃.The proportion of the ultra-high temperature fermentation period reached 2/3,with 80℃as the node,and the moisture content decreased from 44.57%to 29.09%.The total weight loss rate and total volume reduction rate were 85.50%and 50.51%,respectively.At the end of fermentation,the C/N and pH were 15.56 and 7.55,respectively.The GI and EC of the material at the end of fermentation were 110.24%and 3.72 mS/cm,respectively.During the fermentation process,Bacillales and Actinomycetales were the main bacteria genus that achieved the effect of reducing pile size.In summary,thermophilic bacteria had a certain promoting effect on aerobic composting and were ideal fermentation agents for reducing rural solid waste.

关 键 词：超嗜热菌 好氧发酵 乡村有机固体废弃物 减量化 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X705