序列图像自主导航系统观测能力优化方法  

Observability Optimization for Sequential-image Autonomous Navigation System

作　　者：侯博文 王大轶 王炯琦[1] 董天舒[2] 李嘉兴 HOU Bowen;WANG Dayi;WANG Jiongqi;DONG Tianshu;LI Jiaxing(College of Sciences,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学理学院,长沙410073 [2]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航学报》2024年第7期1008-1018,共11页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：针对空间目标序列图像自主导航系统欠观测的问题,详细阐述了图像序列对系统性能优化的作用,设计了一种基于多步轨道机动的系统观测能力优化方法。该方法以系统观测能力量化指标和机动能量消耗为目标函数,通过约束法将能量消耗目标转化为不等式约束,进而将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,并以相对运动位置范围为约束条件,利用内点法获得使观测能力最优的服务航天器轨道机动策略,分析了能量约束对观测能力优化结果的影响,即能量上限在一定范围内时,系统观测能力随着能量上限增加而改善;当超过一定范围时,观测能力将会达到最优并不再有明显的提升。仿真结果表明该方法能够有效提升观测能力,与现有方法相比在导航精度和优化效率上具有明显优势。To address the problem of under-observation space target sequence-image autonomous navigation systems,the role of image sequences in optimizing system performance is illustrated and an observability optimization method based on multi-step orbital maneuvers is designed.The method takes the quantitative indicator of system observability and the energy consumption of maneuvering as the objective function,converts the energy consumption target into an inequality constraint through the constraint method,and then transforms the multi-objective optimization problem into a singleobjective optimization problem by considering the relative motion position range as a constraint condition.The interiorpoint method is used to obtain the optimal orbital maneuver strategy for the service satellite that maximizes observability,and analyzes the influence of the energy constraint on the optimization results,i.e.,the observability will improve as the energy upper limit increases within a certain range,but will reach the optimal level and no longer improve when it exceeds a certain range.The simulation results show that the method can effectively improve observation capability,and has a significant advantage in navigation accuracy and optimization efficiency compared with existing methods.

关 键 词：空间目标 序列图像 自主导航系统 观测能力优化 轨道机动规划 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]