宅基地所有权、使用权与房屋所有权冲突及其解决——以实现宅基地“三权分置”目标为切入点  

Conflicts Among Homestead Ownership,Homestead Usufruct and House Ownership Rights and Their Resolution:Achieving the Goal of the“Separation of Three Rights”of Homesteads as a Starting Point

作　　者：严照良 YAN Zhaoliang(The Local Legislation Research Center of Shaoxing City,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院绍兴市地方立法研究中心,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《绍兴文理学院学报》2024年第7期76-88,共13页Journal of Shaoxing University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“宅基地三权分置法理阐释及其法律实现”(19YJA820063);浙江省哲学社科规划办重点项目“乡村振兴背景下闲置宅基地入股法律风险防范与制度构建”(24NJC11Z);绍兴滨海新区管理委员会委托项目“《绍兴滨海新区条例(草案)》立法调研项目”(149/2024横)。

摘　　要：在“三权分置”目标下,宅基地制度改革应当实现宅基地及地上房屋“动态”式流转,以充分释放宅基地财产权利属性。受限于“静态”式保障功能目标,宅基地所有权、宅基地使用权与房屋所有权会因农村房屋的买卖、继承、赠与、租赁、抵押或其他经营行为而发生权利冲突。解决该等冲突的关键在于“宅基地资格权”的创设。宅基地资格权因宅基地资格权人身份改变,或因宅基地使用权的取得、流转、退还等发生变化。可在宅基地初始分配保障农民居住利益功能不变的情况下,突破宅基地使用权身份限制并设定宅基地使用期限,以实现宅基地及地上房屋的有序流转。Under the objective of“Separation of Three Rights”,the homestead system should be reformed with the goal of facilitating the“dynamic”circulation of homesteads and their houses to fully unleash the property rights attributes of homesteads.However,the current legal and policy framework of homesteads was established based on the“static”protective function of homesteads,and conflicts of rights arise from the ownership and usufruct of homesteads and the ownership rights of houses due to transactions such as buying,selling,inheriting,gifting,leasing,mortgaging,or other business activities.The key to resolving these conflicts lies in the creation of the qualification right of homesteads.The qualification right of homesteads may change due to changes in the identity of the holder of the qualification right of homesteads,or due to the acquisition,transfer,and return of the right to use homesteads.Therefore,it is feasible to eliminate the farmer identity restrictions of the rights to use homesteads and set a term for the use of homesteads while maintaining the function of protecting the residential interests of farmers in the initial allocation of homesteads,to achieve orderly circulation of homesteads and houses on land.

关 键 词：宅基地所有权 宅基地使用权 房屋所有权 宅基地“三权分置” 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学] D923.2[经济管理—产业经济] F321.1