于桥水库4种经济鱼类肌肉营养成分分析与评价  

Nutritional Compositions and Evaluation of Muscle of Four Species Economic Fish in Yuqiao Reservoir

作　　者：张志华 张达娟 李泽利 卞少伟 张树林 ZHANG Zhihua;ZHANG Dajuan;LI Zeli;BIAN Shaowei;ZHANG Shulin(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,College of Fishery,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300392 [2]天津市生态环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第16期92-98,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目[321729780];天津市科技计划项目[22ZYCGSN00260];天津市教委科研计划项目[2020ZD06、2021KJ1100];天津市淡水养殖产业技术体系创新团队-养殖水环境调控岗位项目[ITTFRS2021000-009]。

摘　　要：为全面了解于桥水库鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)的营养成分特征,对4种鱼肌肉的水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、矿物质元素含量、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成进行分析与评价。结果表明,鲢鱼粗蛋白含量最高(16.13%),鲫鱼含量最低(15.00%);鲢鱼粗脂肪含量最高(1.60%),鲫鱼含量最低(0.70%)。4种鱼富含矿物质K、Na、Ca、Mg、P及Fe、Zn、Se,为优质的高钾低钠膳食来源。人体必需氨基酸含量均占氨基酸总量的37.54%以上,鲜味氨基酸占40.51%~41.04%,谷氨酸含量均为最高。鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼肌肉中分别检出11、10、16和15种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量差异较小。4种鱼蛋白质含量较高,富含16种氨基酸,矿物质元素和脂肪酸含量丰富,具有较高的营养价值和食用风味。In order to comprehensively characterize the nutrient composition of Cyprinus carpio,Hypoph-thalmichthys molitrix,Carassius auratus and Aristichthys nobilis in Yuqiao reservoir,the muscle of the four species was analyzed and evaluated in terms of moisture,ash,crude fat,crude protein,mineral element content,amino acid and fatty acid composition.The results showed that Hypophthalmichthys moli-trix had the highest content of crude protein(16.13%),while Carassius auratus had the lowest content(15.00%).Aristichthys nobilis had the highest content of crude fat(3.10%),while Carassius auratus had the lowest content(0.70%).The four species were rich in mineral elements,including K,Na,Ca,Mg,P,Fe,Zn,and Se,which all were high-potassium and low-sodium dietary sources.There were more than 37.54%essential amino acids in the muscle of these four species.The ratio of Umami amino acids in total amino acids ranged from 40.51%to 41.04%,with the maximal glutamic acid in the muscles of four species.There were 11,10,16 and 15 kinds of fatty acids in Cyprinus carpio,Hypophthalmichthys moli-trix,Carassius auratus and Aristichthys nobilis respectively.There has low difference between the relative contents of saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid,and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the four species.Also,these species have high protein content,including 16 kinds of amino acids,mineral elements and fatty acids,with high nutritional value and edible flavor.

关 键 词：于桥水库 鲤鱼 鲫鱼 鲢鱼 鳙鱼 营养成分 

分 类 号：S815.1[农业科学—畜牧学]