城市人才政策对新企业进入的影响——基于外来人力资本的视角  

The Impact of Urban Talent Policies on New Firm Entry:From the Perspective of Migrants'Human Capital

作　　者：魏下海[1] 李胡建 苏亚琴 Wei Xiahai;Li Hujian;Su Yaqin

机构地区：[1]华侨大学经济发展与改革研究院 [2]华侨大学经济与金融学院 [3]湖南大学经济管理研究中心

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2024年第4期21-35,共15页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“共同富裕目标下数字技术对劳动力市场收入分配的影响机制与政策研究”(编号:23AJY010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人才政策对于吸引更多市场主体进入、激活城市经济至关重要。文章通过搜集各地政府人才政策文件,结合全国人口普查、全国1%人口抽样调查数据和中国工商注册企业数据,实证考察人才政策对新企业进入的影响。研究发现,城市人才政策显著促进了新企业进入,其机制在于,人才政策会促进高技能劳动力流入并提升流动人口多样性,从而吸引新企业进入。异质性分析表明,在人口老龄化程度较轻、营商环境良好的城市或中小规模城市,以及服务业和劳动密集型行业,人才政策效果更佳。文章从新的视角揭示了城市市场活力背后的“人才密码”,为更好地发挥人才政策作用、促进城市经济繁荣提供了新的政策启示。Talent policies play a crucial role in attracting market players and revitalizing urban economies.This paper empirically examines the impact of talent policies on the entry of new firms by manually collecting talent policy documents from various local governments and combining them with national population census data as well as industrial and commercial registration data in China.The results indicate that city-level talent policies significantly promote the entry of new enterprises,and this finding remains robust under various checks.Mechanism analyses suggest that talent policies facilitate the influx of highly skilled migrants and enhance migrant diversity,thereby attracting new firms to enter.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that talent policies are more effective in cities with a lesser degree of population aging,a favorable business environment,in medium and small cities,as well as in service and labor-intensive industries.This study unveils the"talent code"behind market vitality from a new perspective,offering fresh policy insights for better leveraging policies and promoting economic prosperity.

关 键 词：人才政策 新企业进入 高技能劳动力流入 流动人口多样性 

分 类 号：C964.2[经济管理—人力资源管理] F279.2