长江流域青海区域水生生物完整性评价  

Aquatic biology integrity assessment of Qinghai region in Changjiang River Basin

作　　者：王贺崐元[1] 刘思嘉[1] 田菲[1] 李柯懋 次成普措 赵凯[1] WANGHE Kunyuan;LIU Sijia;TIAN Fei;LI Kemao;Cichengpucuo;ZHAO Kai(Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810000,China;Qinghai Provincial Fishery Technology Extension Center,Xining 810000,China;Yushu Prefecture Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision Bureau,Yushu 815099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省动物生态基因组学实验室,青海西宁810000 [2]青海省渔业技术推广中心,青海西宁810000 [3]玉树州农牧综合行政执法监督局,青海玉树815099

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第7期53-58,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第69批面上项目(2021M693373);青海省科技计划项目(2022-ZJ-936Q);长江青海段水产种质资源保护区水生生物资源本底调查项目(E039831D01);长江黄河青海段水生生物完整性指数评价及资源评估项目(E239421D01);青海省昆仑英才——创新创业人才计划资助项目(青人才字[2020]18号)。

摘　　要：依据《长江流域水生生物完整性指数评价办法(试行)》的要求和指标,通过梳理历史记录和文献,厘清了长江流域青海区域水生生物完整性评价的基准值;于2022年开展全面系统地野外调查,并对研究区域的水生生物完整性进行了评价。结果显示:长江流域青海区域鱼类种类基准值为20种,鱼类种类现状值为19种;长江在青海省境内的长江源河段、大渡河源河段,以及长江流域青海区域整体的水生生物完整性得分分别为88.22,82.67分和81.56分,完整性等级均为“良”。其中,长江源河段历史有记录以来的15种鱼类在此次调查中均被发现,反映长江源流域水生生物群落受人类干扰较少,重点保护物种完整。研究区域鱼类栖息地生境良好,但主要制约完整性的因素是水电站对河流的阻隔、外来物种入侵和关键物种川陕哲罗鲑的缺失。研究结果可为全面评估长江水生态完整性提供青海区域的基础数据,还可为科学评估长江十年禁捕成效、针对性开展水域生态修复提供科学依据。According to the requirements and indexes of the Evaluation Method of Aquatic Biological Integrity Index in the Yangtze River Basin,the base value of aquatic biological integrity evaluation in the Qinghai region of the Changjiang River Basin was first clarified.We conducted comprehensive fieldwork to detect the aquatic biodiversity in the Qinghai region in the Changjiang River basin in 2022.The results indicated that the base value of the fish species number was 20,and the current fish species number was 19.The aquatic biological integrity scores of the source reach of the Qinghai region in Changjiang River,the source reaches of Dadu River,and the whole Qinghai region in the Changjiang River basin was 88.22,82.67,and 81.56 points,respectively,and all of the integrity levels were“good”.Among them,15 species of fish ever recorded in the Changjiang River source were all found in this survey,reflecting that the aquatic community in the Changjiang River Source Basin was less disturbed by human beings,and the key protected species were intact.The fish habitat in the study area was good,the main factors restricting the integrity were the barrier of hydropower stations to the river,the invasion of exotic species,and the loss of the key species of hucho bleekeri.The research results can provide basic data for the comprehensive evaluation of the water ecological integrity of the Qinghai region in the Changjiang River,and can also provide a scientific basis for the scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of the 10-year fishing ban in the Changjiang River and the targeted ecological restoration of the waters.

关 键 词：水生生物 生物多样性 生物完整性 珍稀濒危物种保护 水生态 青海省 长江流域 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]