中考体育应试化倾向表征、成因与消解路径  

Representation,Causes,and Resolution Paths of the Exam- Oriented Tendency of the Physical Education Part in the Senior High School Entrance Examination

作　　者：方真真 Fang Zhenzhen(School of Sports Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2024年第7期205-209,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对中考体育应试化倾向的表征、成因进行分析,并提出消解路径。中考体育应试化倾向表现在:为备战中考体育,学校体育走向“突击训练”;家长惧怕体育拉分,体教理念走向“唯分数论”偏差;为迎合家长喜好,校外体育培训走向“提分异化”。究其成因:体育本身的复杂性与考试要求的内在矛盾影响体育对人的全面检验;“双减”政策未涉及核心问题,体育政策落实不到位;总分录取模式刺激社会全面发展育人观发生偏颇;校外体育培训机构异化成因加剧中考体育应试化倾向。基于此,提出消解路径:以政策为主抓手,防止中考体育走偏;教与考联接,破除应试怪圈;以发展的眼光审视体育终结性评价与过程性评价的内容,且注重二者协作。This study employs research methods such as literature review and logical analysis to examine the characteristics and causes of exam-oriented tendencies of the physical education(PE) test in the senior high school entrance examination(Zhongkao),and proposes alleviation strategies.The exam-oriented tendencies of PE test in Zhongkao are evident in several ways:schools resort to “intensive training” in preparation for the PE test in Zhongkao;parents fear that the PE test score may lower their child's overall scores,leading to an educational mindset focused solely on scores;and external sports training caters to parental preferences,resulting in “score-boosting differentiation.” The causes can be attributed to the inherent complexity of physical education and the conflicting demands of examinations,which affect the comprehensive evaluation of individuals through physical education;the failure of policies to address core issues and the inadequate implementation of physical education policies;the overall score admission model that promotes a biased view of comprehensive social development and education;and the exacerbation of exam-oriented tendencies in the PE test in Zhongkao due to the alienation of external sports training institutions.Based on these findings,the paper proposes alleviation strategies:using policies as the primary means to prevent the deviation of the PE test in Zhongkao towards an exam-oriented approach;breaking the cycle of exam-oriented education through the integration of teaching and examination;and adopting a developmental perspective to evaluate the content of both summative and formative assessments in physical education,with an emphasis on their collaboration.

关 键 词：学校体育 中考体育 应试体育 消解路径 

分 类 号：G807.33[文化科学—体育训练]