春秋战国时期燕国的粮食作物与储藏  

Grain Crops and Storage in Yan State During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

作　　者：李爱玲 Li Ailing

机构地区：[1]石家庄学院文学与历史学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第4期73-82,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：石家庄学院2021年博士科研启动基金项目“战国燕国经济研究”(项目编号:21BS025)。

摘　　要：粮食是国家生存的保障,贮藏粮食是治国安邦的大事。春秋战国时期,燕国十分重视粮食作物的生产,是著名的旱作农业区。燕国主要以种植旱地作物为主,粟、黍、菽是最主要的粮食作物,麦、麻等处于从属地位,而粮食作物的种植存在明显的地域性差异,充分体现了因地制宜的原则。燕人多用石制的杵、臼、磨盘、磨棒对谷物去皮脱壳,战国时期石磨极可能已经被使用。燕国的储粮方式多样,贮藏技术较高,主要通过障侯城堡、窖穴、仓廪进行大规模的贮藏,容器多用于临时贮存。“右廪”是燕国重要的储粮和管理机构,同时兼具制器功能。司徒极可能主管燕国农业,下设直接管理仓廪的官员。粮食作物的多样化和大规模的储粮成为燕国备荒、备战的重要手段。Grain is the guarantee of a country's survival,and storing grain is an important matter of governing a country.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,the Yan state attached great importance to the production of grain crops and became a famous dry farming area,where dry crops were mainly planted.Millet,broomcorn and beans were the main grain crops,while wheat,hemp and so on were in a subordinate position.The planting of grain crops had obvious regional differences in the Yan state,which fully reflected the principle of adapting to local conditions.The people of Yan used stone pestle,mortar,grinding disc and grinding rod to peel and husk grains,and stone mills were probably used in the Warring States period.The storage methods of grain in the Yan state were varied and the storage technologies were relatively superior,mainly through castles,cellars and granaries for large-scale storage,and containers were mostly used for temporary storage.Youlin was an important organization for grain storage and management in the Yan state which also had the function of making utensils.Situ was most possibly in charge of agriculture in Yan state,and there were officials under Situ who directly managed granaries.The diversification of grain crops and large-scale grain storage became an important means of preparing for famine and war.

关 键 词：春秋战国 燕国 粮食作物 谷物加工 储藏与管理 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学]