高校有组织科研的集体行动困境及化解策略  

Collective Action Dilemmas in Organized Research within Higher Education Institutions:How to Resolve Them

作　　者：熊进 郭聪颖 Xiong Jin;Guo Congying

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学教育科学学院,南宁530299

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2024年第4期18-26,111,共10页Modern University Education

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“双一流背景下西部地方高校发展的制度支持研究”,项目编号:BIA190173。

摘　　要：有组织科研是针对我国高校科技创新仍存在有组织体系化布局不足等问题而提出的重要政策举措。在实践中,高校有组织科研的真正实现可能会面临集体行动的多重困境:集体决策难以形成有效合力;制度安排对成员行动的约束力不足;团队建构中存在巨额交易成本。高校有组织科研集体行动困境的形成有其特定机制:高校传统学科结构操控集体决策,导致高校有组织科研的集体决策难以形成有效合力;受到成员个人理性限制,导致高校有组织科研的制度安排对成员行为的约束力不足;传统科研团队合作经验难以指导高校有组织科研团队建构,导致较高的交易成本。化解高校有组织科研的集体行动困境,需要在学科边界处培养新型人才,通过人才知识结构的联结驱动高校有组织科研集体决策合力生成;不断完善高校有组织科研的监督机制与激励机制,缩小成员个人理性选择的空间,彰显制度安排的有效性;于传统科研团队合作的经验中寻求启示,逐步建立高校有组织科研的团队建构经验系统。Since scientific research conducted in China's higher education institutions is rather loosely organized and usually inefficient,organized research has recently been introduced to remedy this situation.However,organized research within higher education institutions would also encounter multiple dilemmas inherent to collective action:1) the deep-rooted disciplinary orientation among academics makes it difficult to build team synergy via group decision-making,2) the possible inconsistency between individual and collective rationality means that there is a rather weak binding force on team members,and 3) substantial transaction costs would incur in team building,as lessons learned from discipline-based research are often inapplicable to organized research.To resolve these dilemmas,we need to:1) build a talent pool of interdisciplinary-trained people to help achieve team synergy,2) impose proper supervision and provide luring incentives to minimize the inconsistency between individual and collective rationality,and 3) draw from our past experiences in scientific cooperation to build a strong team for organized research.

关 键 词：高校有组织科研 有组织无序 集体行动困境 知识生产模式 团队合作 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]