外泌体调控生理和病理性妊娠的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Regulatory Role of Exosomes in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancies

作　　者：范晓文 邹明新 FAN Xiao-Wen;ZOU Ming-Xin(Ulanqab General Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine,Ulanqab 012000,China;Baotou Normal College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014030,China)

机构地区：[1]乌兰察布市中医蒙医综合医院,乌兰察布012000 [2]内蒙古科技大学包头师范学院,包头014030

出　　处：《生理科学进展》2024年第4期328-333,共6页Progress in Physiological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82060337,32360190);包头师范学院校级一流课程(《人体解剖生理学实验》、《动物生理学》)资助课题。

摘　　要：妊娠是一个复杂的生理过程,近年来研究发现,外泌体(exosomes)可通过介导母胎之间的信息传递在生理和病理性妊娠中发挥重要调控作用。外泌体具有调控胚胎植入、血管生成、内皮细胞迁移及抵抗病毒感染等生物学功能,还可通过调控一些免疫细胞如自然杀伤细胞、T细胞、单核细胞来介导母胎之间的免疫耐受,参与先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病、早产、胎儿生长受限等妊娠并发症的发生发展的调节。本文阐述了外泌体对生理和病理性妊娠的调控,将为今后这些妊娠并发症的诊断和治疗提供依据和参考。Pregnancy is a complex physiological process.In recent years,it has been discovered that exosomes play a crucial regulatory role in both physiological and pathological pregnancies by facilitating communication between the mother and fetus.Exosomes regulate various biological functions,such as embryo implantation,angiogenesis,endothelial cell migration,and resistance to viral infections.Additionally,they mediate maternal-fetal immune tolerance by modulating immune cells such as natural killer(NK)cells,T cells,and monocytes.Furthermore,exosomes are involved in the regulation of multiple pregnancy complications,including preeclampsia,gestational diabetes mellitus,preterm delivery,and fetal growth restriction.This article elaborates on the regulatory role of exosomes in physiological and pathological pregnancies,offering valuable insights for the future diagnosis and treatment of these pregnancy complications.

关 键 词：外泌体 MIRNA 免疫耐受 妊娠并发症 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]