孟子人性论路径选择——“天下之言性也”章新诠  

Mencius’path selection of human nature:A new interpretation for chapter“People’s Talk about Human Nature”

作　　者：雷子乔 谢晓东[1] LEI Ziqiao;XIE Xiaodong(Departmengt of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《陕西理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期31-40,共10页Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD051)。

摘　　要：《孟子·离娄下》“天下之言性也”章以人性论探究路径为主题,在孟子哲学中占有重要地位。自汉以降,学界对该章的解释大致可分为“肯定系”和“否定系”两派,前者认为孟子肯定文段前三句而后者反之。从训诂学依据、研究方法依据和思想背景依据三角度审查该章,可进一步区分“否定一系”和“否定二系”两派,并得出一个更合理的否定二系的新解释,与此同时发现肯定系解释的多重困境。孟子认为杨墨通过经验路径(故者)所构建的自然人性论会陷入“以利为本”的困境,而旧有先验人性论路径(智者)也被指责为牵强附会。在这一背景下,孟子以善端言性,为先验主义人性论开辟了新路径,由此构建了能避免“以利为本”之困境的政治哲学,这体现了其为儒学突围所做的努力。The passage“People’s Talk about Human Nature”in Mencius in Chapter 4 takes the exploration paths of human nature as the theme,which plays an extremely important role in Mencius’philosophy.Ding Sixin pointed out that since the Han Dynasty,the academic interpretations of the passage can be roughly divided into two schools:“affirmative”and“negative”.The former believes that Mencius affirmed the first three sentences of the passage while the latter is vice versa.This paper tries to examine the passage from the perspectives of Exegesis,argumentative validity,Interpretation of Neo-confucianism and ideological history background,gives a more reasonable explanation of the negative school,and points out the dilemmas of the positive school.Mencius believed that the natural humanity constructed by Yang-zhu,Mozi and others through the empirical path(Guzhe)would inevitably fall into the realistic dilemma of“profit-oriented”,and the old transzendental path(Zhizhe)was also accused of being far-fetched.In this regard,Mencius opened up a new path for the transcendentalist theory of human nature,and on this basis constructed a political philosophy that could avoid the dilemma of“profit-oriented”,which reflected Mencius’efforts for Confucianism’s breakthrough.

关 键 词：《孟子》 “天下之言性也” 先验人性论 儒学突围 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]