2017—2022年浙江省义乌市流感病毒流行特征分析  

Characteristics of influenza virus epidemic in Yiwu City,Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022

作　　者：陈步青[1] 陈波[1] 楼君芳[1] 陈劲华[1] CHEN Buqing;CHEN Bo;LOU Junfang;CHEN Jinhua(Yiwu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yiwu,Zhejiang 322000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省义乌市疾病预防控制中心,浙江义乌322000

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第7期712-715,共4页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】了解浙江省义乌市2017—2022年流感样病例(ILI)活动水平和流行动态,为当地调整流感防控策略提供参考。【方法】采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)法对ILI鼻咽拭子标本进行流感病毒分型检测,对结果进行统计和分析。【结果】2017—2022年义乌市共报告ILI106661例,年报告病例数分别为31273、33522、20090、9965、3202和8609例,以≤14岁人群为主,占89.16%。共采集检测ILI标本6893份,流感病毒核酸阳性945份,总阳性率为13.71%,以H3N2、B-Victoria为主,占比分别为40.63%(384/945)、35.03%(331/945)。阳性率以2019年最高,为25.19%(265/1052);2020、2021年阳性率显著下降,分别为5.74%(66/1149)、5.77%(75/1300);2022年有所回升,为13.85%(180/1300)。H3N2阳性占比以2017年最高,占69.14%(168/243);H1N1阳性占比以2018年最高,50.86%(59/116);B-Victoria阳性占比以2021年最高,占100.00%(75/75);B-Yamagata阳性占比以2018年最高,占5.17%(6/116)。【结论】义乌市ILI季节性流行特征较为明显,呈现冬春、夏两峰型,H3N2、B-Victoria、H1N1等优势毒株呈交替或混合流行。新型冠状病毒感染大流行期间季节性ILI显著减少,采取的一系列防控措施对ILI的防控有积极的作用。[Objective]To investigate the epidemiological trends of influenza in Yiwu City,Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022,and to provide references for local adjustments to influenza prevention and control strategies.[Methods]Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect and type influenza viruses in nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens of the patients with influenza-like illness(ILI).The results were statistically analyzed.[Results]From 2017 to 2022,a total of 106661 ILI cases were reported in Yiwu City,with annual reported cases of 31273,33522,20090,9965,3202,and 8609,respectively.The majority of ILI cases were in the age group of≤14 years,accounting for 89.16%.A total of 6893 specimens were collected and tested,of which 945 were tested positive for influenza virus nucleic acid,with an overall positivity rate of 13.71%.The dominant subtypes were H3N2 and B⁃Victoria,accounting for 40.63%(384/945)and 35.03%(331/945)respectively.The highest positivity rate was in 2019,at 25.19%(265/1052).The positivity rates significantly decreased in 2020 and 2021,to 5.74%(66/1149)and 5.77%(75/1300),respectively.The rate increased in 2022 to 13.85%(180/1300).The highest proportion of A/H3N2 positivity was in 2017,at 69.14%(168/243).The highest proportion of A/H1N1 positivity was in 2018,at 50.86%(59/116).The highest proportion of B/Victoria positivity was in 2021,at 100.00%(75/75).The highest proportion of B/Yamagata positivity was in 2018,at 5.17%(6/116).[Conclusion]Influenza in Yiwu City exhibits obvious seasonal patterns,with two peaks in winter-spring and summer.Dominant strains such as A/H3N2,B/Victoria,and A/H1N1 alternate or co-circulate.During the COVID-19 pandemic,seasonal influenza significantly decreased,and a series of prevention and control measures had a positive effect on influenza prevention and control.

关 键 词：流感 流感样病例 病原学 H3N2 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]