何时为止:证据不足不起诉后重新追诉的法律控制  

When to Reach the End Point:Legal Control of Re-prosecution after the Non-prosecution for Insufficient Evidence

作　　者：郭烁[1] 曹广鹏 Guo Shuo;Cao Guangpeng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2024年第4期3-17,共15页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：作出证据不足不起诉决定后,检察院重新发动追诉存在恣意倾向,可能对程序的安定性有所削弱。规范演进过程显示,恣意风险植根于规范价值定位、不起诉种类界分和司法解释越权续造等复杂因素。对重新追诉进路作类型划分,明确规制重心为“发现新的证据”和“不起诉决定确有错误”两类事由。对此,应遵循《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》第369条确立的有限实质确定力,对“新的证据”和“确有错误”进行法解释学限缩,通过公诉审查程序实现过滤。其中,“新的证据”须同时符合崭新性和显著性特征:前者要求证据在决定不起诉前未被检察官发现,通过比对证据卷记载内容加以判断;后者强调证据必须足以推翻原不起诉决定,排除区分此罪与彼罪、证明量刑情节的证据。为保证独立要件不致被虚置,“确有错误”宜排除仅可归咎于检察官之事由。《刑事诉讼法》的第四次修改,应当秉持“以精细立法助推精密司法”的理念,对证据不足不起诉后重新追诉实现更进一步的法律控制。After making the decision of non-prosecution for insufficient evidence,the Procuratorate has an arbitrary tendency to reinitiate the prosecution,which may weaken the stability of the procedure.The process of norm evolution shows that the risk is rooted in complex factors such as the norm value orientation,the classification of non-prosecution forms and the unauthorized continuation of judicial interpretations.According to the classification of the re-prosecution approaches,it is clear that the focus of regulation is on two types of reasons:"discovery of new evidence"and"decision not to prosecute being erroneous".To this point,following the limited substantive certainty effectiveness established by Article 369 of the"The Criminal Procedure Rules of the People′s Procuratorate",the"new evidence"and"being erroneous"are narrowly interpreted by legal hermeneutics,and filtered by the procedure of the public prosecution censorship."New evidence"must meet the criteria of novelty and significance.The former requires that the evidence was not found by the prosecutor before deciding not to prosecute,which can be judged by comparing the contents of the evidence file.The latter emphasizes that the evidence must be sufficient to overturn the original non-prosecution decision,excluding evidence that distinguishes one crime from another and proves the circumstances of penalty measuring.To ensure that the independent requirement is not rendered ineffective,"being erroneous"should exclude reasons that can be attributed solely to the prosecutor.The fourth revision of the Criminal Procedune Law should uphold the idea of"to promote sophisticated justice by means of fine legislation",and achieve further legal control on re-prosecution after the non-prosecution for insufficient evidence.

关 键 词：新的证据 公诉审查 实质确定力 证据不足不起诉 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.3[政治法律—法学]