Ca+GA_(3)处理对减轻芦柑裂果的生理与分子机制研究  

Physiological and molecular mechanism of Ca+GA_(3)treatment alleviating fruit cracking incidence in ponkan

作　　者：吴维林 周秋蓉 黄嘉康 任华晴 陈伊冉 张加成 杜茜 张宇平 王平[1] WU Weilin;ZHOU Qiurong;HUANG Jiakang;REN Huaqing;CHEN Yiran;ZHANG Jiacheng;DU Xi;ZHANG Yuping;WANG Ping(College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Tianma Citrus Farm,Yongchun County,Fujian Province,Yongchun 362600,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院·作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福州350002 [2]福建省永春县天马柑橘场,福建永春362600

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第8期1563-1576,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系专项(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究减轻芦柑裂果的生理与分子机制。【方法】以10年生早熟芦柑(易裂品种)为试材,果面喷施0.3 g·L^(-1)螯合钙和10 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)为处理,以清水为对照(CK)。测定裂果率和果实外观品质,同时测定果皮ROS含量和抗氧化能力、细胞壁代谢酶活性和结构成分含量,以及抗氧化酶和细胞壁代谢酶相关基因表达差异。【结果】Ca+GA_(3)处理有效降低了裂果率,增大了芦柑果形指数、单果质量和果顶果皮厚度;提高了芦柑果皮中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性,降低了H_(2)O_(2)、O_(2)^(·-)产生速率和MDA含量以及POD、PPO活性。同时,Ca+GA_(3)处理提高了芦柑果皮果胶、纤维素含量,降低木质素含量以及PME、PL、PG、CX和PAL、4CL、C4H活性;提高了果皮的延展性和韧性,减少了裂果的发生。Ca+GA_(3)处理显著提高了抗氧化酶相关基因CrSOD、CrCAT在芦柑果皮中的相对表达量,降低了CrPOD、CrPPO以及细胞壁代谢相关基因CrPME、CrPL、CrPG、CrCX、CrPAL、Cr4CL、CrC4H的相对表达量。【结论】在生理与分子水平上明确了Ca+GA_(3)处理可以通过调控果皮活性氧代谢与细胞壁代谢来降低裂果率。研究结果对生产上预防和减轻芦柑裂果具有一定理论意义和应用价值。【Objective】Fruit cracking is a physiological disease,which seriously affects the appearance and quality of fruit.Ponkan fruit cracking rate can be as high as 70%in serious cases,which has become a major problem in the development of the ponkan production.Fruit cracking is regulated by multiple cell physiological and biochemical metabolisms during peel development.Therefore,the physiological and molecular mechanisms of ponkan fruit cracking was investigated in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and alleviation of the fruit cracking in production.【Methods】In this study,10-year-old early-maturing ponkan fruit(cracking-susceptible cultivar)in Tianma Citrus Farm in Yong chun County,Fujian,China,were used as the experimental material.Eighteen trees with relatively consistent nutrition level and growth state under conventional cultivation management were selected for the experiment.At the expansion period of ponkan fruit in June and July,the fruit sprayed with 0.3 g·L^(-1)chelated calcium and 10 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)(Ca+GA_(3))were used as the treatment group,and the fruit sprayed with water as the control(CK).Ponkan fruit started to crack on August 15,2022,and the fruit were collected at 15 d intervals(105,120,135,150 and 165 d after full bloom).The fruit cracking rate and appearance quality were investigated,including transverse diameter,vertical diameter,fruit shape index,single fruit weight and peel thickness.In addition,H_(2)O_(2)and MDA contents,and O_(2)^(·-)production rate as well as antioxidant enzyme activities(SOD,CAT,POD,and PPO)in ponkan peel were determined.Furthermore,the cell wall metabolic enzyme activities(PME,PL,PG,CX,PAL,4CL,and C4H)and the structural components(protopectin,soluble pectin,cellulose,and lignin)were measured.And the expression of the related genes of antioxidant enzymes and cell wall metabolic enzymes in the peel were analyzed.【Results】Ca+GA_(3)treatment significantly reduced the cracking rate of ponkan fruit.The transverse diameter and vertical diameter of

关 键 词：芦柑 裂果 Ca+GA_(3)处理 活性氧代谢 细胞壁代谢 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]