栽培因子对刺梨套种饲料油菜生物量与营养品质及杂草抑制率的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Factors on Biomass,Nutrient Quality and Weed Inhibition Rate of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Intercropping with Forage Rape

作　　者：王婧泽 王涛[1] 张林 钟伟 吴宇瑶 代文东 WANG Jingze;WANG Tao;ZHANG Lin;ZHONG Wei;WU Yuyao;DAI Wendong(Rape Research Institute of Guizhou,Guiyang,Guizhou 550018,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省油菜研究所,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第8期27-33,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“饲料油菜植株粗蛋白含量的遗传及QTL定位研究”(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般289);“高蛋白饲料油菜品种创制及高效技术模式研究与应用”(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y108);“饲料油菜混合发酵提升菜籽粕利用价值的关键技术研究”(黔科合支撑[2023]一般073)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明幼龄刺梨套种饲料油菜对田间杂草抑制及油菜生长的影响,为制定刺梨园套种饲料油菜高效栽培技术提供参考。【方法】在贵州省黔西市以饲料油菜牲饲2号为研究对象,以刈割时期(A_(1):初花期;A_(2):盛花期;A_(3):终花期)、施氮量(尿素用量B1:75 kg/hm^(2);B_(2):135 kg/hm^(2);B_(3):195 kg/hm^(2);B_(4):255 kg/hm^(2))和播期(C_(1):秋播;C_(2):春播;C_(3):夏播)3个栽培因子为处理因素,采用随机区组设计,分析栽培因子对饲料油菜生物量、植株营养品质及刺梨园杂草抑制率的影响(P>0.05)。【结果】各栽培因子组合处理饲料油菜的平均生物量(鲜重)为1 966.79~4 243.92 kg/hm^(2),刺梨园杂草抑制率为60.03%~90.23%。刈割时期、施氮量和播期3因素互作、2因素互作对油菜生物量和杂草抑制率均无显著影响,单一因素对生物量和杂草抑制率影响极显著(P<0.01)。油菜平均生物量和刺梨园杂草抑制率均表现为随刈割时期推后呈显著增加趋势,随施氮量增加呈增加趋势,播期上表现为秋播>春播>夏播。秋播条件下饲料油菜的营养品质较高,粗蛋白含量12.83%~19.86%、粗脂肪含量2.17%~3.44%、粗纤维含量21.60%~32.08%、钙含量0.76%~1.26%、总磷含量0.25%~0.45%。【结论】在贵州省黔西市及相似生态区,幼龄刺梨园套种饲料油菜可实现周年种植,通过适当增加施氮量,可提高饲草鲜重和营养品质及杂草抑制率。若以杂草抑制为主兼顾饲草收获,在终花期刈割、施尿素195 kg/hm^(2)的栽培因子组合最佳;若以种草养畜为主,初花期和盛花期刈割、施尿素195~255 kg/hm^(2)的栽培因子组合均可。【Objective】The influences of young Rosa roxburghii intercropping with forage rape on the field weed inhibition and the growth of rape were studied to provide a reference for developing an efficient cultivation technique of forage rape intercropping in R.roxburghii orchard.【Method】Taking the forage rape Shengsi No.2 in Qianxi of Guizhou Province as the study object,and then a randomized block design was conducted with cutting period(A_(1):early flowering stage,A_(2):full bloom stage A_3:final flowering stage) and amount of nitrogen(urea amount,B_(1):75 kg/hm^(2),B_(2):135 kg/hm^(2),B_(3):195 kg/hm^(2),B_4:255 kg/hm^(2)) and sowing period(C_(1):autumn sowing,C_(2):spring sowing,C_(3):summer sowing) as research factors.The biomass,plant nutritional quality and the inhibition rate of weed in R.roxburghii orchard were analyzed.【Result】The average biomass(fresh weight) with different treatments of Shengsi No.2 was 1 966.79 kg/hm^(2)-4 243.92kg/hm^(2),and the weed inhibition rate was 60.03%-90.23%.The interaction of mowing period,nitrogen application and sowing period,as well as the interaction of two factors had no significant effect on biomass and weed inhibition rate,and the effect of a single factor on biomass and weed inhibition rate reached very significant level(P<0.01).The average biomass of rape and weed inhibition rate of R.roxburghii orchard showed an increasing trend with the delay of mowing period,and showed an increasing trend with the addition of the application amount of nitrogen,and sowing periods showed C_(1)>C_(2)>C_(3).The nutrition quality of forage rape sowing in autumn was high,with 12.83%-19.86% of crude protein content,2.17%-3.44% of crude fat content,21.60%-32.08% of crude fiber content,0.76%-1.26% of calcium content and 0.25%-0.45% of total phosphorus content.【Conclusion】This annual inter-planting of young R.roxburghii orchard intercropping with forage rape can be achieved in Qianxi of Guizhou Province or similar ecological areas.By appropriately increasing the nitrogen amount,

关 键 词：油菜 饲料油菜 刺梨 套种 生物量 营养品质 杂草抑制率 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]