基于眼动信号来源的认知老化差异性  

Investigating differential cognitive aging with eye movement

作　　者：黄景 刘丽聪 李明钰 龙奕名 李小俚[2] HUANG Jing;LIU Licong;LI Mingyu;LONG Yiming;LI Xiaoli(Department of Psychology,Faculty of Arts and Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China;Center for Cognition and Neuroergomomics at the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education,Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文理学院心理系,广东珠海519087 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,认知神经工效研究中心,广东珠海519087 [3]北京师范大学心理学部,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,心理学国家级实验教学示范中心,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第9期1408-1415,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32200870)。

摘　　要：伴随老龄而来的认知退化给个人、家庭和社会带来了严重的经济损失和精神负担。如何促进健康老化和成功老化是国家和科学界高度关心的问题。近些年来,越来越多研究发现,老年人的认知变化(简称认知老化)是差异性的,不仅存在退化,而且存在自上而下加工的可适性或代偿性增强。然而,已有认知老化研究以认知退化研究为主,缺乏对老化中认知增强的研究。本研究拟通过揭示健康老年人自上而下加工的增强及其增强程度的变化规律,来阐明老化中认知增强机制以及差异性老化规律,为利用认知增强来促进成功老化提供理论依据。Cognitive decline with aging places significant economic and psychological burden on the elderly,their families,and society.Promoting healthy and successful aging is a critical issue for governments and science.Recent evidence suggests that cognitive changes in the elderly include not only declines but also top-down cognitive enhancements and compensatory mechanisms.Variation in the degree of enhancements underlies differential cognitive aging.However,most studies on cognitive aging have focused primarily on cognitive decline,with insufficient attention given to cognitive enhancements and differential aging.Previous research has found that implicit learning ability in saccadic tasks is preserved in the elderly.Our research will first explore how top-down control in the elderly supports preservation of implicit learning in saccadic tasks.Second,our research will investigate how the impact of top-down control in monetary decision-making depends on saccadic latency in the elderly.Finally,our research will explore how the dependence of top-down control on saccadic latency changes with age for a natural scene searching task.By exploring these areas,our research aims to uncover the saccadic manifestations of top-down enhancements and the principles governing how the degree of these enhancements varies across different tasks in the elderly.This research will improve our understanding of cognitive enhancement mechanisms during aging and provide theoretical guidance for promoting successful aging through cognitive enhancements.

关 键 词：认知老化 成功老化 认知增强 自上而下 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]