利用环境DNA技术对内蒙古典型湖泊鱼类分布特征的研究  

Fish Distribution Characteristics of Typical Lakes in Inner Mongolia Using Environmental DNA Technology

作　　者：张轶 周兴军 孙文静 岳彩英 白永泉 云婧 Zhang Yi;Zhou Xingjun;Sun Wenjing;Yue Caiying;Bai Yongquan;Yun Jing(Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Center,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区环境监测总站,呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第4期194-205,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区人才开发基金。

摘　　要：呼伦湖、乌梁素海和岱海是内蒙古大、中、小型湖泊的典型代表,具有重要的区域生态地位。鱼类物种多样性及其群落结构可有效指示湖泊生态系统健康,本研究为首次采用环境DNA技术探究三大湖泊间鱼类多样性及其群落特征差异,为水生态监测与管理提供数据支撑。结果表明:(1)相比传统调查,环境DNA在单点位检出的物种数量更多,是传统调查的1.25倍;(2)环境DNA技术具有一定的准确度;(3)本次环境DNA调查共检出鱼类5目10科23属27种,对呼伦湖检出18种、乌梁素海检出19种、岱海检出23种,三大湖泊共同检出鱼类12种。环境DNA技术与形态学调查可相互补充,应用于不同场景,共同服务于水生态监测与管理。环境DNA技术具备高效灵敏、低损害性、环境限制少等优势,有望成为鱼类健康评估与诊断的有力工具。Hulun Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,and Daihai Lake are emblematic of large,medium,and small lakes in I nner Mongolia,respectively,each playing a significant ecological role within the region.The diversity and c ommunity structure of fish species are effective indicators of the health of lake ecosystems.This study marks the inaugural application of environmental DNA technology to investigate the variances in fish diversity and community characteristics among the three major lakes offering data-driven support for water ecological monitoring and m anagement.The results showed that:(1)The species count obtained from a single site using environmental DNA technology surpassed that of conventional surveys,amounting to 1.25 times the number identified through traditional methods;(2)Environmental DNA technology has a certain degree of accuracy;(3)In this environmental DNA s urvey,27 fish species across 5 orders,10 families,and 23 genera were identified and 12 of these species were d etected in all three major lakes,18 fish species were detected in Hulun Lake,19 fish species were detected in U lansuhai Lake and 23 fish species were detected in Daihai Lake,respectively.Environmental DNA technology and traditional morphological investigation complement each other and are both suitable for different scenarios,thereby enhancing aquatic ecosystem monitoring and management.Environmental DNA technology,characterized by its high efficiency,sensitivity,minimal ecological impact,and low environmental restrictions,is expected to b ecome a powerful tool in the assessment and diagnosis of fish health.

关 键 词：环境DNA 鱼类多样性 形态学鉴定 呼伦湖 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]