环保税与企业内部收入不平等  

Environmental Protection Tax and Corporate Internal Income Inequality

作　　者：刘晔[1] 雷卓骏 苏才立 Liu Ye;Lei Zhuojun;Su Caili

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院财政系 [2]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《财政研究》2024年第5期99-114,共16页Public Finance Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新发展理念下我国环境税的政策效应评估及深化改革研究”(22BJY132)。

摘　　要：环保税在环境保护与经济效率层面的“双重红利”已受到学界的广泛关注,但其在收入分配层面是否具有“第三重红利”却少有研究提及。本文基于环保税开征构建双重差分模型,利用2015—2022年工业行业上市公司数据,系统考察了环保税开征对企业内部收入不平等的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:环保税开征显著降低了高管薪酬,但对普通员工薪酬未产生明显影响,因此缩小了企业内部收入不平等;探索机制发现,约束政企合谋抑制企业寻租,压缩高管摄取不合理薪酬的空间是环保税开征缩小企业内部收入不平等的核心机制渠道;异质性分析证实,环保税开征对企业内部收入不平等的抑制效应在环保力度较低地区企业以及非国有企业中表现得更为明显;基于高管薪酬结构分解视角的研究发现,环保税开征对企业内部收入不平等的缩小作用,主要表现为抑制不合理的超额薪酬差距,对合理薪酬差距没有明显影响。本文的研究为衔接绿色税收与收入分配的交叉领域进行了初步尝试,同时也对政府利用税收工具调节收入分配格局提供了新的启发。The“double dividends”of environmental protection tax on environmental protection and economic efficiency have received widespread attention from academia,but there is little research on whether it has a“third dividend”on income distribution.Based on the introduction of environmental protection tax,this paper constructs a DID model to investigate the impact of environmental protection tax on internal income inequality in enterprises and its underlying mechanism.The study found that the introduction of environmental protection tax significantly reduced executive compensation,but had no significant impact on ordinary employee compensation,thus narrowing internal income inequality.Exploration of the mechanism of action found that constraining government-enterprise collusion to compress enterprise rent-seeking space is core mechanism channels for environmental protection tax to narrow internal income inequality.Heterogeneity analysis confirmed that the inhibitory effect of environmental protection tax on internal income inequality in enterprises was more pronounced in regions with lower environmental protection intensity and private enterprises.Besides,the study found that the narrowing effect of environmental protection tax on internal income inequality in enterprises mainly manifested as the suppression of unreasonable excess compensation gap,without significant impact on reasonable compensation gap.This study provides a preliminary attempt to connect the cross-cutting fields of green taxation and income distribution,and also provides new inspiration for the government to use tax tools to regulate income distribution pattern.

关 键 词：环保税 收入不平等 企业薪酬差距 超额薪酬 

分 类 号：F275.4[经济管理—企业管理]