医疗数字孪生技术中的异化问题与消解策略  

Alienation Problems and Dissolution Strategies in Medical Digital Twins Technology

作　　者：欧洋 邵艳梅 OU Yang;SHAO Yanmei(School of Marxism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期40-47,共8页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“智能时代的具身性科学实践研究”(22CZX024)。

摘　　要：作为智慧医疗、精准医疗的关键技术,医疗数字孪生能够利用大数据构造出完整人体或部分器官的虚拟孪生模型,并通过个人的电子表现,动态反映人体的分子状态、生理状态和生活方式,拥有实时更新、动态反馈的特点。在新技术发展的萌芽阶段,对其进行批判性思考和合理性推测具有重要前瞻意义。通过马克思异化理论对医疗数字孪生技术进行考察,发现该技术下出现了既有马克思异化形态的共性特征、又有崭新时代特征的独特异化现象,具体表现在病患个体的异化、医疗过程的异化以及医患、患患关系之间的异化。究其根本,主要在于身心二分的哲学传统、医疗模型的算法歧视与黑箱困境、医疗模式的趋利化以及身体伦理和人文关怀等医疗伦理困境。为了消解医疗数字孪生技术中的异化现象,应当建立以人为本的新型医患共同体、对于医疗模型算法进行多维度的规制以及建立良好的身体伦理观,最终实现医疗数字孪生技术中合规律性与合目的性的统一。As one of the key technologies,medical digital twins can utilize big data to construct a virtual twinning model of a complete human body or part of an organ,and dynamically reflect the molecular state,physiological state,and lifestyle of the human body through the electronic manifestation of an individual,possessing the characteristics of real-time updating and dynamic feedback.In the budding stage of the development of new technologies,it is of great prospective significance to think critically and speculate rationally about them.This paper examines the medical digital twins technology from Karl Marx's alienation theory.It finds that a unique alienation phenomenon has emerged under the medical digital twins technology with both the common characteristics of Marx's alienation form and the characteristics of the new era,specifically being manifested in the alienation of individual patients,the alienation of the medical process,and the alienation of the doctor-patient and the patient-patient relationship.The root of the problem lies in the philosophical tradition of the mind-body dichotomy,the algorithmic discrimination and black-box dilemma of the medical model,the profit-making of the medical model,and the ethical dilemmas of healthcare such as body ethics and humanistic care.To eliminate the alienation phenomenon in medical digital twins,we should establish a new type of human-centered doctor-patient community,regulate the algorithms of medical models in multiple dimensions,and establish a good view of body ethics,thus ultimately realizing the unity of lawfulness and purposefulness in medical digital twins.

关 键 词：医疗数字孪生技术 马克思异化理论 医患关系 算法歧视 医学伦理 人文关怀 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]