不同土地覆被下岩溶洞穴滴水的水文特征  

Hydrological characteristics of dripping water in karst caves under different land covers

作　　者：范宏岱 胡运迪 周忠发[1,2] 胡德勇 张宇超[1] 黄正周 王登超 尚运 李航 FAN Hongdai;HU Yundi;ZHOU Zhongfa;HU Deyong;ZHANG Yuchao;HUANG Zhengzhou;WANG Dengchao;SHANG Yun;LI Hang(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;No.105 Geological Brigade of Guizhou Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau,Guiyang,Guizhou 550018,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一0五地质大队,贵州贵阳550018 [4]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [5]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第3期627-639,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42072278);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础ZK[2022]一般306)。

摘　　要：土地覆被类型是水循环过程的重要影响因子,为探究不同土地覆被下洞穴滴水的水文特征及其影响因素,文章选取了贵州岩溶区不同土地覆被下的清江洞(土层厚,植被中等)、广顺洞(土层薄,植被好)和石将军洞(土层薄,植被差,顶板厚)3个洞穴,基于滴水流量、土壤含水量及气象数据进行研究。结果表明:(1)3个洞穴的滴水流量均存在季节性变化规律,滴水在降水输入少的旱季易发生断流;(2)由于土壤的截留和储存作用,使得洞顶土层覆盖厚的清江洞相较于广顺洞和石将军洞在雨季8月到10月期间表现出特有的流量低值现象,且全年土壤含水量的最低值也出现在此时期;(3)3个洞穴滴水流量的年均值为石将军洞(1.185 mL·min^(-1))>清江洞(0.600 mL·min^(-1))>广顺洞(0.236m L·min^(-1)),流量的全年稳定程度为石将军洞>广顺洞>清江洞;(4)植被对洞穴滴水水文特征的影响弱于土壤,土壤发育较好的洞穴(清江洞)比土层薄但植被覆盖高的广顺洞全年更容易断流,另外顶板厚度大的洞穴(石将军洞)全年滴水流量稳定程度最好。综上,洞穴滴水流量除受降水、气温、湿度等气象条件影响外,还受土地覆被、含水层顶板厚度的影响。In recent years,the deterioration of global climate has caused a series of natural environment problems,which urgently requires researchers to forecast the future climate and put forward effective management measures.Previous studies have shown that the study and reconstruction of the earth paleoclimate can help people understand the patterns of past climate change and its dominant mechanism.Therefore,as to effectively predict the future climate change and the way the contemporary ecosystem responds to the future climate change,the restoration and reconstruction of ancient climate and environment have gradually become the focus of today's research on earth sciences.At present,an increasing number of researchers have reconstructed paleoclimate and environment based on various geochemical indexes of stalagmites and secondary carbonate sediments in karst caves.Cave dripping water is the material basis for the formation of stalagmites,and it is also the main source of trace elements in stalagmites.The high frequency signal caused by the change of external climate environment will affect the ancient climate information recorded by stalagmites.Therefore,it is of great importance to establish a long-term monitoring system based on cave dripping water and to analyze the relationship between the hydrologic characteristics of cave dripping water and the changes of external environment during the study of stalagmite indication.Cave dripping water is an important part in the water cycles of karst areas,and its hydrological characteristics are closely related to the geochemical isotope indexes which carry climate information.The land cover type is an important factor affecting the regional water cycle processes.However,most of the current studies discussing the impact of land cover on water cycle processes are mainly concentrated on the watershed scale in non-karst areas,and very few studies focus on the impact of land cover on the hydrological characteristics of cave dripping water in karst areas.In order to explore the infl

关 键 词：土地覆被 滴水 水文特征 流量 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：P641.12[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]