“硬法—软法”范式下医疗人工智能伦理治理路径探析  

An analysis of the ethical governance path of medical artificial intelligence under the paradigm of“hard law soft law”

作　　者：徐辉 王译 XU Hui;WANG Yi(School of Law,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《南京医科大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期359-368,共10页Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项“智慧司法科学理论与司法改革科技支撑技术研究”(2020YFC0832400)。

摘　　要：以硬法规范为主干的传统法律科技伦理规则治理具有人机交互“不信任”、决策“不可控”、安全性“不可靠”、医疗资源分配“不公平”等客观局限,无法提供善治之良法所需。为此,强调“开放—控制”一体化理论结构的“硬法—软法”二元法模式能够为医疗人工智能伦理治理提供新的治理框架。理论上,“硬法—软法”范式能够完成医疗人工智能伦理风险规制的合法性论证,确保医疗人工智能伦理风险决策的回应性;实践中,“硬法—软法”范式已然成为国外医疗人工智能伦理治理的通行治理框架。未来,“硬法—软法”范式下医疗人工智能伦理治理路径应当通过不断规范软法的生成机制,健全硬法软法的良性互动机制,充分发挥硬法和软法各自的治理优势并实现制度互补,以构建安全、可信、负责的医疗人工智能伦理治理框架。The traditional legal and technological ethical rules which based on hard law norms have inevitable objective limitations when governing medical artificial intelligence ethics with risk characteristics such as lack of trust in human-computer interaction,uncontrollable decision-making,unreliable security,and unfair distribution of medical resources,which make it impossible to provide the necessary for good governance.Therefore,the dualistic legal model of“hard law soft law”that emphasizes the integrated theoretical structure of“openness-control”can provide a new governance framework for the ethical governance of medical artificial intelligence.Theoretically,the“hard law soft law”paradigm can demonstrate the legitimacy of ethical risk regulation in medical artificial intelligence and ensure the responsiveness of medical artificial intelligence ethical risk decision-making.In practice,the“hard law soft law”paradigm has become a common governance framework for ethical risk management in medical artificial intelligence abroad.In the future,under the paradigm of“hard law soft law”,the ethical governance path of medical artificial intelligence should continuously regulate the generation mechanism of soft law,and enhance the benign interaction mechanism of“hard law soft law”.We also recommend giving full play to the governance advantages of hard law and soft law to achieve institutional complementarity,intending to construct a safe,trustworthy,and responsible ethical governance framework for medical artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：医疗人工智能 人工智能伦理 通用人工智能 软法 硬法 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]