土壤常驻霉菌对石灰岩的风化侵蚀作用研究——以黑曲霉菌为例  

Weathering and erosion of limestone by soil indigenous moulds——a case study of Aspergillus niger

作　　者：王维富 代群威[1,2] 沈瑞 何靓雯 赵玉连 陈兴长[1] 利勇 WANG Weifu;DAI Qunwei;SHEN Rui;HE Jingwen;ZHAO Yulian;CHEN Xingzhang;LI Yong(School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学核废物与环境安全重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [3]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《矿物学报》2024年第4期589-597,共9页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目-区域创新发展联合基金(编号:U21A2016);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41877288)。

摘　　要：石灰岩矿物的自然风化侵蚀是一个普遍存在的问题,尤其是以土壤霉菌为代表的生物风化在矿物结构及性质的改变、土壤营养环境的调节等方面发挥了重要的作用。为揭示土壤常驻霉菌对石灰岩矿物的风化侵蚀作用机理,本研究通过研究黑曲霉菌的生长特性、代谢产物和黑曲霉菌作用下石灰岩中Ca^(2+)的释放行为,以及对比分析草酸作用下石灰岩的溶蚀行为,探究黑曲霉菌对石灰岩的风化侵蚀作用机制。结果表明,黑曲霉菌具有较高的产酸能力,产生的有机酸主要有草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、乙酸和琥珀酸,这些有机酸可使培养基pH可降至2.5附近;碱性环境对黑曲霉菌的生长具有一定的促进作用。在同等条件下,草酸对石灰岩的作用效果远低于黑曲霉菌。黑曲霉菌对石灰岩的风化侵蚀主要包括两个途径:分泌酸性代谢产物溶解石灰岩和菌丝对石灰岩颗粒的包裹钻孔形成机械破坏。研究结果可为自然环境下微生物参与岩溶过程以及石漠化的生物调控治理提供理论基础。The natural weathering and erosion of minerals of limestone is a common problem.Especially,the representative biological weathering by the soil mold played important roles in the change of structures and properties of minerals and the regulation of soil nutrient environment.In order to reveal the mechanism of weathering and erosion of minerals of limestone by soil resident molds,we have studied the growth characteristics of Aspergillus niger and its metabolites,and the release behavior of Ca^(2+)from limestone by the action of Aspergillus niger,,have made comparative study on the characteristics of dissolution behavior of limestone by oxalic acid,and have explored the mechanism of weathering and erosion of limestone by Aspergillus niger.The results show that Aspergillus niger has relatively high acid-producing capability.The main organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger include oxalic acid,malic acid,citric acid,acetic acid and succinic acid.These organic acids can reduce the pH value of the medium to about 2.5.Alkaline environment can promote the growth of Aspergillus niger in a certain extent.The weathering and erosion effect of limestone by oxalic acid is much smaller than that by Aspergillus niger under the same condition.There are mainly two ways of the weathering and erosion of limestone by Aspergillus niger including the disoolution of limestone by its secreted acidic metabolites and the mechanical damage caused by the wrapping and drilling limestone particles by its hyphae.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the involvement of microoreganisms in the karsting process and the biological control of rocky desertification in the natural environment.

关 键 词：石灰岩 风化侵蚀 黑曲霉菌 有机酸 

分 类 号：P66[天文地球—地质学]