衡水湖鱼类群落及多样性的时空差异以及与水环境因子的关系  

Spatiotemporal patterns of fish communities and diversity in Lake Hengshui and their relationships with water environmental factors

作　　者：陈浩东 张韩 付适 林镇美 刘成[1] 陈开宁[1] 张余广 毛志刚[1] 梅雪英[3] 刘正文[1,2,5] 于谨磊 Chen Haodong;Zhang Han;Fu Shi;Lin Zhenmei;Liu Cheng;Chen Kaining;Zhang Yuguang;Mao Zhigang;Mei Xueying;Liu Zhengwen;Yu Jinlei(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,P.R.China;Hebei Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve Management Committee,Hengshui 673499,P.R.China;Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100049 [3]安徽农业大学,合肥230036 [4]河北衡水湖国家级自然保护区管理委员会,衡水673499 [5]暨南大学,广州510632

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2024年第5期1447-1458,共12页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42277067);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3208705)联合资助。

摘　　要：于2021年调查了河北衡水湖大、小两个湖区的鱼类群落结构、多样性,分析了其时空差异及与环境因子之间的关系。研究共记录到29种鱼类,隶属15科27属,以鲤科鱼类为主,占渔获物重量的98%;(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲫(Carassius carassius)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)是衡水湖的优势种。大湖区鱼类的多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数不存在显著的时空差异。置换多因素方差分析显示大湖区鱼类群落结构存在显著的季节差异,其平均相似性百分比差异性超过40%;大、小湖区空间上的差异性为41%。丰度-生物量曲线图表明:大湖区的鱼类群落在不同季节均受到干扰,其中秋季受的干扰较弱;小湖区的鱼类群落仅在春、夏季受到干扰,而在秋季未受干扰。大湖区鱼类群落与环境因子之间的冗余分析表明:水中总磷浓度是鱼类群落结构变化最重要的解释因子(解释度为36%);总磷、亚硝态氮、透明度和总氮是影响衡水湖大湖区鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子。衡水湖的鱼类群落以小型杂食性鱼类(如、鲫、似鳊等)为主,肉食性鱼类数量较少,鱼类小型化趋势明显。因此,从水质改善与生态修复的角度,在控制外源污染输入的同时,需调控衡水湖的鱼类群落结构,以增强肉食性对衡水湖生态系统的下行调控作用,削弱杂食性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类对水质潜在的负面作用,达到改善水质的目标。Community structure and diversity of fish exhibit a strong correlation with environmental variables.We studied the spatial and temporal patterns of the fish community structure and diversity in both the small and main lake regions of Lake Hengshui throughout 2021.The relationships between fish community structure and environmental factors were analyzed.A total of 29 fish species across 15 families and 27 genera were recorded in Lake Hengshui.Cyprinid species contributed 98%to the total catch by weight.The dominant fish species in Lake Hengshui were Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius carassius,Hypophthalmus molitrix and Pseudobrama simoni.There were no seasonal and spatial variations in Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou s evenness index and Margalef s species richness index of fishes in the main region of the lake.However,permutational multivariate analysis highlighted significant temporal variations in fish community structure in the main lake region.Similarity percentage analysis revealed an average seasonal difference over 40%in fish communities of the main lake,the spatial difference of fish community structure between the main lake and small lake regions was 41%.The abundance-biomass curve indicated that fish communities in the main lake region was largely disturbed in all sampling seasons.In the small lake region,these disturbances were only observed in spring and summer,while not in autumn.Redundancy analysis indicated that the epilimnetic total phosphorus of the main lake explained most of fish community changes(36%).Total phosphorus,nitrite,secchi depth and total nitrogen were also the main contributors which influencing the fish community structure of the main lake.The fish community structure of Lake Hengshui is dominated by small omnivorous fish,such as H.leucisculus,C.carassius and P.simoni,while the abundance of piscivorous fish is relatively low.Therefore,in the context of enhancing water quality and ecological restoration,after the reduction of external nutrient loads,it is important to manipulat

关 键 词：温带湖泊 鱼类调控 生态修复 富营养化 鱼类群落结构 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X524