不同负荷的复合式训练对男子柔道运动员下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试指标的影响  

The Influence of Complex Training with Different Loads on the Maximum Muscle Strength,Explosive Power and Special Physical Fitness Test Index of Judo Players

作　　者：李哲 任满迎[1] LI Zhe;REN Manying(Beijign Research Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100075,China;The Aerospace City School of RDFZ,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市体育科学研究所,北京100075 [2]人大附中航天城学校,北京100094

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第6期21-31,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市重点项目科研攻关与科技服务专项(2023BTP008)。

摘　　要：目的:观察基于力-速曲线设计的6周不同负荷的复合式训练对男子柔道运动员运动表现(下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试)的影响。方法:以北京男子柔道队20名运动员为受试对象,随机分为实验Ⅰ组(n=7)、实验Ⅱ组(n=7)和对照组(n=6)。实验Ⅰ组的干预方案为5组75%1RM深蹲(20%速度损失阈值)结合30%1RM负重蹲跳5次;实验Ⅱ组的干预方案为5组90%1RM深蹲(20%速度损失阈值)结合自重蹲跳5次(PVC杆);对照组不接受实验干预,按照实验组相同时间进行队伍的常规力量训练,并随队测试。实验干预持续6周,每周进行2次训练,期间除干预训练不同,其他柔道专项训练均全队统一进行。在干预前、中、后分别进行深蹲1RM测试、纵跳测试(CMJ、SJ)。干预前、后进行专项体能测试,对比分析训练效果。结果:1)6周干预后,组内比较结果显示,实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组在深蹲1RM、纵跳和专项体能测试上均显著提高(P<0.05),对照组在纵跳测试上显著提高(P<0.05),但在专项体能测试和深蹲1RM上未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。2)6周实验干预后,组间比较结果显示,实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组的深蹲1RM测试成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.05),实验Ⅰ组与实验Ⅱ组之间未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。纵跳高度(CMJ和SJ)在3组之间未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。实验Ⅱ组的专项体能测试成绩显著优于对照组(P<0.05),其他组别之间未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论:1)两种不同负荷的复合式训练均可提升柔道运动员下肢最大肌力和爆发力,同时在专项体能测试上有较高的迁移效果,而常规力量训练在下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试的迁移效果不明显。2)两种不同负荷的复合式训练对柔道运动员运动表现(下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试)的影响差异较小,90%1RM深蹲结合自重蹲跳的复合式训练在下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试的改�Objective:To observe the effects of 6-week complex training with different loads on athletic performance(lower limbs maximum muscle strength,explosive power and special physical fitness test)of male judo athletes based on the force-velocity curve.Methods:Twenty athletes from the Beijing men’s judo team were randomly divided into experimental group I(n=7)and experimental groupⅡ(n=7),and control group(n=6).The intervention plan of experimental group I consisted of 5 sets of 75%1RM squats(20%velocity loss threshold)combined with 5 repetitions of 30%1RM weight squat jump.The intervention plan of experiment groupⅡconsisted of 5 sets of 90%1RM squats(20%velocity loss threshold)combined with 5 repetitions of bodyweight squat jump(PVC pole).The control group followed the team routine strength training without experimental intervention and trained along with them.The experiment lasted for 6 weeks with two training sessions per week.During the experimental period,other judo special training was carried out by the whole team except the experimental intervention training.Before,during,and after the experiment,three groups of athletes completed the squat 1RM test,vertical jump test(CMJ,SJ).Pre-experiment and post-experiment specialized tests were per‐formed to analyze and compare the training effects.Results:1)After 6 weeks of experimental intervention,the results of intra-group comparison showed that squat 1RM,longitudinal jump and special physical fitness test were significantly improved in experimental group I and experimental groupⅡ(P<0.05),and longitudinal jump test was significantly improved in control group(P<0.05),but no significant changes were found in special physical fitness test and squat 1RM(P>0.05).2)After 6 weeks of experimental intervention,the results of inter group comparison showed that the squat 1RM test scores of experimental group I and experi‐mental groupⅡwere significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant change between experimental group I and expe

关 键 词：柔道 复合式训练 负荷 运动表现 

分 类 号：G886.4[文化科学—体育训练]