庆历四年太学独立建校的原因及影响探赜  

An Explanation on the Reasons and Effects of the Independent Establishment of the Taixue in the Fourth Year of Qingli

作　　者：黄一庆 HUANG Yiqing(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《现代教育论丛》2024年第4期15-24,共10页Modern Education Review

基　　金：华东师范大学教育学部第九届科研基金项目“功能转型:七至十一世纪国子监变迁研究”(ECNUFOE2024KY137)。

摘　　要：庆历四年太学的独立设置,标志着北宋的教育重心从品官子弟向平民子弟转移,开启了宋代教育发展的新纪元。为弥补宋初人才培养和选拔体制的缺陷,顺应教育下移的时代发展趋势,仁宗朝廷在借鉴西汉至五代各朝中央官学体制架构的基础上,结合历代朝廷重臣所提的兴学建议,延续了当朝初期的太学馆制度,专为八品以下及庶民子弟建立太学,以期实现为国育才的目的。庆历四年独立设置太学受当时教育改革环境影响,是仁宗朝廷改革不合时宜的人才培养和选拔体制所取得的代表性成就,对当时及以后教育的发展产生了重要影响。The independent establishment of the Taixue in the fourth year of the Qingli,marked the shift of the educational focus of the Northern Song court from the nobility to the common people,which opened a new era in the development of Song education.In order to make up for the defects of the talent training and selection system in the early Song Dynasty and to meet the trend of education downward,the court of Emperor Renzong,on the basis of the structure of the central governmental school system in various dynasties from the Western Han Dynasty to the Fifth Dynasty,combined with the suggestions proposed by the important ministers in the court for promoting education,continued the system of Taixue Hall set up at the beginning of this dynasty and established Taixue exclusively for the people below the eighth grade as well as the children of common people,in order to realize the purpose of cultivating talents for the country.The establishment of the Taixue as an independent school in the fourth year of the Qingli,was influenced by the environment of the educational reform at that time.It was a representative achievement through reforming the anachronistic talent cultivation and the selection system by the court of Emperor Renzong,which had an important impact on the development of education at that time and later.

关 键 词：庆历兴学 太学 教育下移 三馆制度 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]