芽孢杆菌、酵母菌及乳杆菌发酵饲料养殖凡纳对虾效果比较  

Comparison of the Effects of Shrimp Feed Fermented by Bacillus subtilis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the Culture of Penaeus vannamei

作　　者：张红芳 王秀华[2,3] 朱娜 李婷 王平 张雪梅 ZHANG Hongfang;WANG Xiuhua;ZHU Na;LI Ting;WANG Ping;ZHANG Xuemei(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;Hainan Zhongzheng Aquatic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dongfang 572632,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海水养殖病害防治重点实验室青岛市海水养殖流行病学与生物安保重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]海南中正水产科技有限公司,海南东方572632

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第4期135-145,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2400205);中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所级基本科研业务费(20603022023025、20603022018001)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同益生菌发酵饲料养殖对虾的效果,用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)和嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)3种益生菌单一及联合发酵对虾饲料,投喂凡纳对虾(Penaeusvannamei)28d,分析对虾的存活、生长及饲料利用情况,检测对虾体内外弧菌(Vibrio)数量及非特异性免疫相关指标变化,同时比较不同组间养殖水体中氨氮及亚硝氮的浓度差异。研究表明,对虾摄食枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及复合菌发酵饲料存活率均显著提高(P<0.05),提高率分别达到8.54%、8.54%和9.76%;枯草芽孢杆菌及嗜酸乳杆菌发酵饲料能够显著提高对虾的体长增长率(P<0.05);嗜酸乳杆菌发酵饲料可显著降低对虾的饵料系数(P<0.05);投喂发酵饲料的各实验组养殖至第14、21天时的对虾肝胰腺中弧菌密度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各实验组中,虾血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组,投喂嗜酸乳杆菌发酵饲料能够显著提高过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶及酚氧化酶活性(P<0.05),且在养殖末期,投喂不同益生菌发酵饲料均可不同程度地降低养殖后期水体中的氨氮和亚硝氮浓度。综上可知,3种益生菌单一或混合发酵对虾饲料对提高对虾存活率、促进生长及提高免疫力方面均有积极效果,但嗜酸乳杆菌用于对虾饲料发酵的综合效果最佳。本研究为益生菌发酵饲料在对虾健康养殖中的应用提供了理论依据。Penaeus vannamei is an important shrimp species that is farmed globally,owing to its fast growth and good environmental adaptability.However,vibriosis outbreaks,such as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and translucent post-larva disease,have become a considerable constraint on the development of the shrimp aquaculture industry globally in recent years.Due to the negative consequences associated with the use of antibiotics to control bacterial diseases,alternative technologies,such as improving shrimp immunity,the nutrition level of shrimp diets,and the ecological environment of shrimp ponds by using probiotics,have been developed.Owing to the limitations related to the sourcing and cost of fish meal,a large amount of vegetable protein is often used as a fish meal substitute in shrimp artificial feed,which is not only difficult for the shrimp to digest and absorb but can also lead to nutritional antagonism.In order to improve the health status of aquaculture animals by providing high-quality feed,the development and optimization of fermented feed have received extensive attention.Probiotics in fermented feed can produce exogenous cellulase,protease,amylase,and other digestive enzymes in the digestive tract of farmed animals,which can improve the feed utilization rate,promote growth performance,and enhance the immunity of shrimp.In this study,in order to explore the application effects of shrimp feed fermented by different probiotic bacteria,probiotic strains,including Bacillus subtilis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and Lactobacillus acidophilus,were used individually and in combination for the fermentation of commercial feed and fed to shrimp(P.vannamei)for 28 days.The survival,body length growth,specific growth,and feed conversion rates of the shrimp were analyzed,and the density of Vibrio in vitro and in vivo,as well as relevant immune indicators in the serum,were analyzed.Furthermore,ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations in the water column were compared between the groups.The results demonstra

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 酿酒酵母 嗜酸乳杆菌 发酵饲料 凡纳对虾 生长性能 弧菌 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]