基于因子回归分析研究影响棒球击球机械能的下肢生物力学因素  

Biomechanical Factors of Lower Limbs Affecting Mechanical Energy of Baseball Batting Based on Factorial Regression Analysis

作　　者：王世坤 辛雷[2] 杨晨 顾雪宋 WANG Shikun;XIN Lei;YANG Chen;GU Xuesong(School of Sports Science,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,Shandong,China;Department of Sports,Mount Taishan Vocational and Technical College,Taian 271000,Shandong,China;School of Physical Education,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东曲阜273165 [2]泰山职业技术学院体育部,山东泰安271000 [3]安徽师范大学体育学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2024年第4期593-599,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家社科规划一般项目(21BTY1115)。

摘　　要：目的研究影响棒球击球机械能的下肢生物力学因素。方法利用动作捕捉系统采集C3D数据,导入Visual 3D建立Hanavan多刚体人体模型和球棒的刚体模型,通过编制pipeline命令,计算并导出髋/膝/踝关节、躯干绕X、Y、Z轴旋转的角速度和关节力矩,使用SPSS对自变量和因变量之间逐步进行多元线性回归分析,将因子与因变量带入回归模型。结果对球棒机械能影响最大的前4个自变量依次为:x19右踝关节跖屈/背伸力矩,β=91.97;x2左踝关节内翻/外翻力矩,β=91.74;x25右髋关节屈髋/伸髋力矩,β=91.58;x3左踝关节内旋/外旋力矩,β=91.50。结论右髋关节屈髋/伸髋力矩与球棒机械功存在密切联系,击球者通过右髋关节的伸髋力矩产生使躯干和骨盆旋转,并实现能量向上肢的传导;左踝关节内收和外展力矩与球棒机械功存在密切联系,可用于击球早期的身体制动和击球晚期的身体旋转;针对左踝关节内收肌、右髋关节伸肌,有必要对右踝关节跖屈肌进行专项力量训练,以增强击球力量。Objective To investigate the biomechanical factors of the lower limbs that affect the mechanical energy of baseball batting.Methods C3D data were collected using a motion capture system and imported into Visual 3D to establish a Hanavan multi-rigid-body human model and a rigid-body model of the bat.Using a prepared pipeline command,the angular velocities and joint torques of the hip,knee,ankle joints,and trunk around the X,Y,and Z axes were calculated and exported.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed between independent and dependent variables using SPSS,and the factors and dependent variables were incorporated into the regression model.Results The top four independent variables that had the greatest impact on the mechanical energy of the bat were as follows:x19 right ankle joint plantar flexion/dorsiflexion torque(β=59391.97),x2 left ankle joint inversion/eversion torque(β=91.74),x25 right hip joint flexion/extension torque(β=91.58),and x3 left ankle joint internal rotation/external rotation torque(β=91.50).Conclusions There is a strong correlation between the right hip joint flexion/extension torque and mechanical work of the bat.The batter transmits energy to the upper limbs by producing a right hip joint extension torque to rotate the trunk and pelvis.There is a close relationship between the adduction and abduction torques of the left ankle joint and mechanical work of the bat,which are used for body braking in the early stages of batting and body rotation in later stages.It is necessary to conduct specific strength training for the adductors of the left ankle joint,extensors of the right hip joint,and plantar flexors of the right ankle joint to enhance batting power.

关 键 词：棒球 棒球击球 关节力矩 回归模型 生物力学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]