不同运动对男青年BMD、肌肉适能和肌骨共调节因子的影响  

The effect of different exercise on BMD,muscle fitness and musculoskeletal regulators in young men

作　　者：李庆 卜淑敏[1] 张丽[1] 李龙菡 LI Qing;BU Shumin;ZHANG Li;LI Longhan(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2024年第8期1116-1121,1132,共7页Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis

基　　金：北京市教委科技面上项目(KM201810029003)。

摘　　要：目的比较8周抗阻联合高强度间歇同期训练、单独高强度间歇训练和单独抗阻训练对男青年骨密度、肌肉适能以及血清肌骨共调节因子骨钙素和鸢尾素水平的影响。方法选取39名男青年,随机分为抗阻训练(RT)、高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和抗阻联合高强度间歇同期训练(CT)三组后,分别进行为期8周的运动干预。分别在干预前和干预后48 h测试受试者的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、体成分、最大摄氧量、肌肉力量、爆发力以及血清骨钙素和鸢尾素水平。结果三种运动干预均能显著提高男青年的瘦体重,但只有HIIT(P<0.01)和CT干预(P<0.05)能显著降低男青年的体脂率;三种运动干预均能显著提高男青年的股骨BMD,但只有HIIT(P<0.05)和RT(P<0.05)干预能显著提高男青年的腰椎BMD;RT和CT干预能显著提升男青年的卧推、硬拉、划船、深蹲的最大力量(P<0.01)和反向纵跳高度(P<0.01),而HIIT干预只能显著提升深蹲的最大力量(P<0.01);三种运动干预均能显著提高男青年的血清鸢尾素和骨钙素水平。结论三种运动干预均能增加男青年的瘦体重、股骨BMD以及血清肌骨调节因子鸢尾素和骨钙素水平,但CT对腰椎BMD的提升效果小于HIIT和RT,而RT和CT对肌肉力量和爆发力的提升效果大于HIIT。Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three different training method on bone mineral density(BMD),muscle fitness and musculoskeletal regulatory factors in young men.Methods Thirty-nine young men were randomly assigned to HIIT group,RT group,and CT group.Then they performed exercise intervention for a period of 8 weeks.Before and after 8 weeks of intervention,BMD,body composition,muscle strength,maximal oxygen consumption as well as serum musculoskeletal regulators of irisin and osteocalcin were measured.Results The result showed that all three exercise interventions could significantly increase the lean body weight of young men,but only HIIT(P<0.01)and CT intervention(P<0.05)could significantly reduce the body fat rate of young men;Three types of exercise interventions can significantly improve the femoral BMD of young men,but only HIIT(P<0.05)and RT(P<0.05)interventions can significantly improve the lumbar BMD of young men;RT and CT interventions can significantly improve the maximum strength of bench press,hard pull,rowing,squat(P<0.01)and the height of reverse vertical jump(P<0.01),while HIIT intervention can only significantly improve the maximum strength of squat(P<0.01);Three types of exercise interventions can significantly increase the serum levels of irisin and osteocalcin in young men.Conclusion Three kinds of exercise intervention could improve the muscle mass,BMD of femur and the levels of serum musculoskeletal regulatory factors irisin and osteocalcin in young men,but the effect of CT on lumbar BMD was less than that of HIIT and RT alone,and the effect of RT and CT on muscle strength and the explosive power were greater than that of HIIT alone.

关 键 词：高强度间歇训练 抗阻训练 抗阻联合高强度间歇同期训练 骨密度 鸢尾素 骨钙素 

分 类 号：R875[医药卫生—运动医学]