自闭症患儿口腔健康状况及家长认知程度调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of oral health status of children with autism and their parents'cognition

作　　者：谭军艳 李莉[1] 杨玉娥 王伟[2] 汪隼[3] TAN Jun-yan;LI Li;YANG Yu-e;WANG Wei;WANG Sun(Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Qingdao Stomatological Hospital,Qingdao 266001,Shandong Province;Department of Endodontics,Qingdao Stomatological Hospital,Qingdao 266001,Shandong Province;Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院儿童口腔科,山东青岛266001 [2]青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院牙体牙髓病科,山东青岛266001 [3]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院儿童口腔科,上海200011

出　　处：《上海口腔医学》2024年第4期403-406,共4页Shanghai Journal of Stomatology

基　　金：青岛市医疗卫生重点学科建设项目资助(2022-2024);青岛市口腔疾病临床医学研究中心课题(22-3-7-lczx-nsh)。

摘　　要：目的:了解自闭症患儿家长对儿童口腔健康行为与口腔保健的认知程度,为更好制定自闭症患儿口腔健康方案提供依据。方法:选择2018年1月—12月收治的自闭症患儿117例为试验组,同期就诊的非自闭症患儿121例为对照组,检查患儿口腔卫生情况。以问卷形式调查患儿口腔保健行为,包括每天刷牙次数、是否使用牙膏、是否由家长协助刷牙及进食零食频次;同时采用标准化措施评估家长口腔健康知识,获取其对口腔健康相关知识的了解程度,并记录家长基本情况。采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:自闭症患儿龋齿和牙周疾病比例较高,分别为74.36%和52.14%。多数患儿口腔卫生情况不佳,刷牙≥2次/天和一直使用牙膏的比例较低,分别为17.09%和13.68%。试验组患儿家长口腔健康知识得分[(6.40±2.55)分]低于对照组[(6.95±2.47)分],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。93.16%的试验组患儿由母亲(72.65%)或父亲(20.51%)全职照顾,多数试验组患儿家庭月收入不高。对照组患儿主要照顾者及其教育程度和家庭收入与试验组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响自闭症患儿口腔健康的因素包括刷牙习惯、主要照顾者及其最高教育程度。结论:自闭症患儿家长对儿童口腔健康行为与保健认知程度较差,应加强患儿家长口腔健康教育,提高其口腔健康认知水平,共同维护患儿口腔健康。PURPOSE:To understand the cognitive level of parents of children with autism towards their oral health behaviors and oral health care,and to provide assistance in developing better oral health plans for children with autism.METHODS:Totally 117 children and parents with autism who visited our hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as the experimental group,while 121 non-autistic children during the same period were selected as the control group,the children's oral hygiene was checked.Questionnaire survey was conducted on the oral health behaviors of pediatric patients,including daily brushing frequency,use of toothpaste,assistance from parents in brushing teeth,and frequency of snacking.At the same time,standardized measures were adopted to evaluate the oral health knowledge of parents,obtain their level of understanding oral health-related knowledge,and record the basic situation of parents.SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:The proportion of children with autism who have dental caries and periodontal health problems was relatively high,at 74.36%and 52.14%,respectively.Most pediatric patients had poor oral health behaviors,with a low proportion of brushing teeth≥2 times per day and consistently using toothpaste,accounting for 17.09%and 13.68%,respectively.In addition,the score of oral health knowledge of parents of children in the experimental group[(6.40±2.55)]was lower than those in the control group[(6.95±2.47)],but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).93.16%of the children in the experimental group were taken care of full-time by their mother(72.65%)or father(20.51%),and most of the patients's income was not high.The main caregivers and their education level,family income in the control group were significantly different from those in the experimental group(P<0.05).Factors affecting the oral health of autism patients included brushing habits,primary caregivers and parents'highest level of education.CONCLUSIONS:Parents of autistic children have a poor

关 键 词：自闭症 口腔健康行为 口腔保健 

分 类 号：R788.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]