从汉英语作为外语教学的差异试议智能时代的汉语教学  

Discussion on Chinese Teaching in the Intelligent Era from the Perspective of Differences Between Chinese and English as Foreign Languages

作　　者：陆俭明[1] Lu Jianming

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2024年第5期87-91,共5页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

摘　　要：汉语和英语作为外语教学的相异之处突出体现在:中国人学英语,口语与书面语的学习几乎是同步的;而英语区学生学习汉语,口语与书面语的学习无法同步,从口语学习进入书面语学习,必须在汉字学习上再下功夫、花时间,过好汉字关。智能时代,可以用拼音击键或语音输出汉字,这为破除“汉语难学”的迷信带来机遇。国外学者使用“电写为主,笔写为辅”教学模式,取得了良好的教学效果。本文进一步提出“电打汉字开路,笔写汉字跟进”的新思路:在汉语学习的开始阶段,先教授、引导学生“电打汉字”,让学生破除对汉字学习的畏难情绪;再在教学过程中适度穿插“笔写汉字”的练习,引导学生逐步由“电打”过渡到“笔写”,因为“笔写”有助于对汉字的记忆、体会和认识,确保学好汉语书面语。This study examines the distinct characteristics of teaching Chinese and English as foreign languages which are highlighted by the following:For Chinese learners of English,oral and written language acquisition typically progress concurrently.However,for English-speaking students learning Chinese,there is a notable disparity between oral and written language acquisition as they cannot synchronize learning of both spoken and written language.The transition from oral to written Chinese necessitates additional effort and time investment in mastering Chinese characters,presenting a significant challenge.The advent of intelligent technologies,which enable character input through pinyin or voice recognition,offers new opportunities to dispel the myth that Chinese is inherently diffi cult to learn.International scholars have achieved positive outcomes by implementing a“primarily digital writing,supplemented by handwriting”teaching approach,a teaching model that prioritizes digital writing supplemented by handwriting.This paper proposes a new approach:“Pave the way with digital character input,followed by handwriting practice.”In the initial stages of Chinese language learning,students are fi rst taught and guided to input characters digitally,alleviating anxiety associated with character learning.Subsequently,handwriting exercises are gradually integrated into the curriculum,facilitating a transition from digital input to handwriting.This approach recognizes that handwriting contributes to character memorization,appreciation,and comprehension,ultimately ensuring profi ciency in written Chinese.The intelligent era presents an opportunity to reevaluate and innovate Chinese language teaching methodologies,potentially revolutionizing the fi eld of Chinese as a foreign language education.

关 键 词：汉语作为外语教学 智能时代 汉字教学模式 电打汉字 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]