可知的不可知:风险的现代性认知及其知识问题反思  

The Knowable Unknowable:The Modern Cognition of Risk and Its Reflection on Knowledge Issues

作　　者：杜智涛 金之玥 Du Zhitao;Jin Zhiyue

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2024年第7期54-67,127,共15页Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金国家应急管理体系建设研究专项“重大突发事件中知识传播对社会共识的作用机制研究”(项目编号:20VYJ014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：论文从知识的视角探讨了风险的内涵以及风险传播所需要关切的核心问题。首先,超越实在论与建构论二分的风险理论范式,将风险视作异质行动者共同构建的网络——“黑箱”,而风险传播的任务就是开启这个“黑箱”,探索其如何嵌入人类系统、如何构型以及如何解决其中的知识冲突。其次,从知识与系统两个维度,辨析风险、隐患、意外、危险四个相互联系又有所区别的概念,明确了风险的边界。指出在系统内部,作为反事实的风险是可知的,它以一种概率形式的知识而存在;而在系统外部,风险是不可知的,正是危险或意外的降临才让关于风险的知识被见证为事实。最后,讨论了四类知识冲突:知识异化、知识断裂、知识失能与知识反噬,这既是关于知识的风险,也是现代性自身的风险;基于此,提出风险传播所面对的核心议题,为拓展深度媒介化环境下的风险传播理论提供了新的视角。Risk,as a product of the modern age,is characterized by its inherent modernity and globalization.As such,it cannot be fully comprehended solely through the dichotomy between realism and constructivism within risk theory.Drawing on the second-order observation perspective of Luhmann's systems theory,this article refines the expansive concept of risk into four interconnected yet distinct terms:risk,hidden risk(hazard),accident,and danger,employing"knowable/unknowable"as differentiation.Consequently,this article addresses four knowledge-related issues in risk:knowledge alienation,fragmentation,incapacitation,and repercussion.These issues are not only risks of knowledge but also risks of modernity itself.Thus,through a comprehensive reexamination of the modernity of risk,this study establishes a foundational understanding of risk perception and public behavior,offering valuable insights for further reflections in risk communication research.

关 键 词：风险 现代性 知识问题 风险传播 二阶观察 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]